Citation

The name of the information system PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science points to its ability to publish data. By using Pangaea as a publisher, entities of data, as definied by the authors, are handled similar to standard text publications. As part of the metadata, a data publication starts with a Citation:, consisting of the standard bibliographic fields:


 * Author(s); last name followed by (full!) first name, separated by komma; authors separated by semicolon.
 * Year of publication, in brackets, i.e. the year when the data set was made available.
 * Title of the data set; ends with a full stop.
 * Source institution; optional, only used if data are not supplementary to a reference
 * DOI (Digital Object Identifier); starting with 10.1594/PANGAEA. ...

After import, final technical review by the data curator and scientific review by the PI, a data set has the status published which means it is now public available on the Internet. In a final step, the set can be transfered to the status published & citable. This status automatically initiates an entry of the citation in the library catalog GetInfo of the TIB. For 6 weeks, this entry can still be edited until final registriation. Similar to text publications, data publication can not be changed after registration/publication.

Pangaea provides two groups of citable data:

1) Data supplement - data are supplementary to a scientific paper and thus are integral part of the paper and of its peer-review:
 * Hollis, Chris (1993): Latest Cretaceous to Late Paleocene radiolarian biostratigraphy: A new zonation from the New Zealand region, Marine Micropaleontology, 21(4), 295-327,, [supplementary data: ].


 * In this case the citation of the paper must be used when using the data. The full citation provided by Pangaea consequently contains two DOI, one linking to the paper itself, and the second pointing to the data supplement. There is an onging discussion depending on the scientific discipline wether a data supplement should be seen as a publication by its own (librarian view) or as part of the paper (scientific view).
 * An other point of discussion is the publication year of a data supplement. In new publications certainly both years, the one of the paper and the one of the data supplement, are the same. Archiving old/printed data, the year of the data supplement can have the year of the related publication or the year when the data were made available in digitized form through Pangaea (librarian view). Preference should be given to the year of the paper (to avoid confusion).

2) Data publication can be defined through the publishing functionality of Pangaea. Publishing data is not a common and accepted process in science so far. In data publications without a reference, the institute should be given as the source:
 * Bauer, Wilfried; Spaeth, G; Jacobs, Joachim; Weber, Klaus; Siegesmund, S; Thomas, RJ (2004): Geological map of BJORNNUTANE, Heimefrontfjella, Antarctica (Scale 1:25 000). Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven; Institut for Geologie und Dynamik der Lithosphäre, Göttingen; Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie, Frankfurt,

3) For peer-reviewed data publications a journal was established by the Publisher Copernicus in 2009, named Earth System Science Data, The Data Publishing Journal . In 2014 Nature founded the journal Scientific Data, Wiley the Geoscience Data Journal, and others in various scientific fields (see http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/preparde/blog/DataJournalsList).

Suggestion for a note in a publication or report referring to its data supplement:
 * Supplementary data are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.xxxxxx (xxxxxx has to be replaced by the PANGAEA data set ID)

Suggestion for a note in a book or special volume of a journal containing various publications referring to the general use of Pangaea:
 * ''All data related to publications of this volume are available in Open Access through PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science, . Individual data sets are referenced by its DOI for direct access and citation.