Citation

The name of PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science points to its ability to publish data. By using Pangaea as a publisher, entities of data, as definied by the authors, are handled similar to scientific publications. Each metadata block starts with a tag Citation: consisting of standard bibliographic fields:


 * Author(s); last name and first name/initial, separated by comma; several authors are abbreviated by et al.;
 * Year of publication, in brackets, i.e. the year when the data set was made available (digital or print);
 * Title of the data set;
 * Source institution; this information is optional and only used, if data are not supplementary to a reference.
 * DOI, starting with 10.1594/PANGAEA. ...

After technical review by the curator, import and approval of the author/PI, a dataset is set to status published and appears as citable on the Internet. To become a data publication, the status is set to published & citable which initiates an entry of the citation in the library catalog of the TIB (GetInfo). For 4 weeks, this entry can still be edited until final DOI-registration. An immediate DOI-registration can be forced by the curator on request. Similar to text publications, data publications can not be changed after final registration/publication.

Pangaea provides three versions of citable data:

1) Data supplement - data are supplementary to a scientific paper and thus are integral part of the paper and of its peer-review:
 * Hollis, Chris (1993): Latest Cretaceous to Late Paleocene radiolarian biostratigraphy: A new zonation from the New Zealand region, Marine Micropaleontology, 21(4), 295-327,, [supplementary data: ].


 * Always the publication must be cited when using the data. The full citation given by Pangaea contains two DOIs: one linking to the paper itself, and the second as the DOI of the data supplement. There is an ongoing discussion depending on the scientific discipline wether a data supplement should be seen as a publication by its own (librarian view) or as part of the paper (scientific view).
 * An other point of discussion is the publication year of a data supplement. In new publications certainly both years, the one of the paper and the one of the data supplement, are the same. Archiving old/printed data, the year of the data supplement can have the year of the related publication or the year when the data were made available in digitized form (librarian view). Preference are given to the year of the printed version (to avoid confusion), e.g..

2) Data publication can be defined through the publishing functionality of Pangaea. Publishing data just through a data system is new and was invented during the DFG-project STD-DOI. This way is not an established process in science so far. In pure data publications, the institute must be given as the source:
 * Bauer, Wilfried; Spaeth, G; Jacobs, Joachim; Weber, Klaus; Siegesmund, S; Thomas, RJ (2004): Geological map of BJORNNUTANE, Heimefrontfjella, Antarctica (Scale 1:25 000). Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven; Institut for Geologie und Dynamik der Lithosphäre, Göttingen; Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie, Frankfurt,

3) For peer-reviewed data publications various Data Journals for different scientific fields are available. Examples:
 * Earth System Science Data by Copernicus,
 * Scientific Data by Nature,
 * Geoscience Data Journal by Wiley.



Suggestion for a note in a journal article or report referring to its data supplement:
 * Supplementary data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.xxxxxx (where xxxxxx is the PANGAEA dataset ID)

Suggestion for a note in a book or special volume of a journal containing various publications referring to the general use of Pangaea:
 * ''Data related to the publications of this volume are available in Open Access through PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science, . Individual data sets are referenced by its DOI for direct access and citation.