Bathymetry

Page content (please note)


Please note, bathymetry data curation SOPs in PANGAEA with respect to FAIR data principles (https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18) are currently revised within the scope of of the German Marine Research Alliance (DAM) Underway research data project (https://www.allianz-meeresforschung.de/). This page and the information provided here is adressed to PANGAEA users and data submitters. PANGAEA's Metaheader (https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Metaheader) explicitly for bathymetry data sets and other data curation requirements are explained on this page. In addition, requirements for bathymetry data submission to PANGAEA are documented. “Please note, that this page may still be revised in the future" 

DAM Underway research data project background
The German Marine Research Alliance (DAM) is a combined effort to exploit the full potential of German research vessels as mobile measuring platforms and currently involves 19 institutions and research facilities in Germany. The Underway research data project is part of DAM core area data management and digitalization (https://www.allianz-meeresforschung.de/en/activities/data-management-and-digitisation/).



DAM data portal
All submitted bathymetry data (currently only raw data) are being semi-automatically processed at PANGAEA. Tracklines and coverage polygones of all submitted bathymetry data are extracted from the data and added to the DAM data portal https://marine-data.org/.

If a CC BY 4.0. or a 3.0 license is provided and data are not under a moratorium period, also a raster image is being calculated and added to the DAM portal. Here, the data can be explored (and are linked to the DOI). These raster images are then also available through OGC Web Map services.

Standardized content of data sets
To make data findable (F) and due to PANGAEAs archiving SOPs, bathymetry datasets will be separated into two data sets, if the water column information (e.g. wcd files from Kongsbergs MBES Systems) is simultaneously being recorded during bathymetry data acquisition.

This is necessary due to data curation processes, consequently reducing the download volume if it is intended to download only bathymetry data (containing only the seafloor reflector information) from PANGAEA. The water column data are usually about 5x larger than regular bathymetry files. However, both datasets will be connected / linked to each other.

Standardized Authors
The Authorship of (national) datasets is currently revised with respect to the Guidelines for Safeguarding Good Research Practice of the German Research Foundation https://www.dfg.de/download/pdf/foerderung/rechtliche_rahmenbedingungen/gute_wissenschaftliche_praxis/kodex_gwp_en.pdf. (more information is provided as soon as possible.....)

Standardized Title
To ensure the reusability (R) and interoperability (I) of data sets, metadata of similar data sets such as bathymetry data gathered from the same research missions, research vessels or research platforms should follow a common template and a common vocabulary. This is also includes the title. Therefore, the title of bathymetry data which are entrusted to PANGAEA shall follow a certain template “construction kit”. This “construction kit” was developed within the DAM efforts (Project Underway research data). It includes the feedback of several German scientists from different institutions, PANGAEA bathymetry data submitters & data management personal. Key elements of each data set title are incorporated, such as data type, data level, device, platform type, platform, cruise (& area). PANGAEA is encouraging data submitters to follow this template in order make the data as FAIR as possible.

Example: Multibeam bathymetry raw data (Kongsberg EM122 working area dataset) of RV METEOR during cruise M127, Fictional Bank canyon, North Atlantic Ocean

The “construction kit” - incorporating all feedback - is shown below.:

Construction kit: Further information about the entries can be found here:

Examples:

Standardized Abstract
Intending to make data more FAIR, PANGAEA requires a compact Abstract for each data set. For more information regarding abstracts, see https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Abstract. Please note that cruise summary reports or other reference are not to be cited in the abstract because abstracts are part of the data description. If other reference shall be linked, please inform the data editor. If you would like to provide other contact information related to this dataset (e.g. Email address), please inform the data editor. Please specify in the abstract whether sound velocity profiles are part of the raw data set publication or not. Comparatively for processed data publications, please describe your processing steps.

Raw data (example)
''Swath sonar bathymetry data using Kongsberg EM 122 multibeam echosounder was recorded during RV METEOR cruise M127 (WHAT, HOW). The cruise took place between 25.05.2016 and 28.06.2016 in the North Atlantic Ocean (WHEN). The survey data contain MBES measurements of the Fictional Bank canyon. No bathymetric measurements of Fictional Bank canyon were found in international databases prior to the cruise (WHY). To enhance MBES data accuracy, two sound velocity profile casts were conducted in the vicinity of the working area prior to the survey using sound velocity profiler AML Oceanographic (WHAT, WHEN & WHY). After processing, these data were directly imported into the MBES acquisition software Kongsberg SIS Seafloor Information System.''

(more information is provided as soon as possible.....)

Processed data (example)
''Swath sonar bathymetry data used for that dataset was recorded during RV METEOR cruise M127 using Kongsberg EM 122 multibeam echosounder (WHAT, HOW). The cruise took place between 25.05.2016 and 28.06.2016 in the North Atlanic Ocean (WHEN). To enhance MBES data accuracy, two sound velocity profile casts were conducted in the vicinity of the working area prior to the survey using sound velocity profiler AML Oceanographic (WHAT, WHEN & WHY). After processing, these data were directly imported into the MBES Acquisition software Kongsberg SIS Seafloor Information System (WHEN & HOW). Raw data were being converted to MB-System format. Data were manually edited for false measurements No further sound velocity profile were used during processing of this dataset. A raster was calculated and stored in GeoTIFF format with a 25m resolution (negative values). ''(more information is provided as soon as possible; feel free to provide more detailed processing information here, but keep it as compact as possible.....)

Standardized usage of Reference
Typically, processed dataset of a particular cruise, which are all based on the same raw data set (also archived in PANGAEA), are submitted to PANGAEA. These datasets will be linked to each other as a Reference (Currently, all bathymetry datasets already archived in PANGAEA are reviewed and checked for relations). If a relationship is found, a linkage between both datasets is being created and is shown as Related to. More information can be found here https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Reference

Standardized Coverage
Coverage is an automatic entry into PANGAEA calculated from Events or PANGAEA Geocode (see below): https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Metaheader. Please note, that Minimum Elevation und Maximum Elevation does not represent min / max depth values from MBES data contained in this dataset.

Note: Currently, the Coverage will be visible on PANGAEA website with points having an GoogleMaps image in the background (right upper corner). It does not show the actual coverage of the surveyed area. The visible points are, instead, representing the Events (see below).

Standardized usage of Events
Bathymetry data sets contain so called PANGAEA Events (https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Event). The Event links to the scientific Campaign and Basis (platform) containing further additional information. Please note that, if you browse with your mouse cursor on Campaign or Basis, a field will pop up (do not click). In some datasets, it is possible to click on these fields and a link with detailed information will be provided.

Further information for Bathymetry related events is given below.

Underway event
(update of this section is in progress)

For Underway data, a so called "Underway" Event is created on board of the research vessel. The "Underway" Event is named CruiseID_0_Underway-number(undefined, ) e.g. M127_0_Underway-1. The event shows the starting and end point (coordinates & datetime) of the first and last data record of the MBES device acquired during the cruise. Also, the Methods/device used to record the data is included for Event description. Please note, that PANGAEA specific vocabulary is used here. Providing further detailed information using standard common vocabulary such as the NERC catalogue (https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/nerc_data_catalogue/) is currently being prepared (more information is provided as soon as possible.....).

If available, an additional link to the Sensor description hosted on https://sensor.awi.de is provided.

If the dataset is compilation of many datasets (only possible for processed data), several "Underway" Events will be used.

Note, that the prefix of the Event name contains the official cruise ID (cruise label, e.g. https://www.pangaea.de/expeditions/bybasis/Meteor%20%281986%29), not the campaign name. The suffix number does not follow any specific rule, as this number is usually chronologically created on board, which is why the numbering can differ from cruise to cruise.

SVP event(s)
If SVP casts (sound velocity profile measurements using an external device, e.g. using an AML Oceanographic Plus X sound velocity probe) or CTD casts (sound velocity derived from CTD measurements) were performed during the cruise, the acquired data files (and used for import to the acquisition software, e.g. the Kongsberg Seafloor Information, SIS) will be stored in the same raw data set. The corresponding event of the Event list of the cruise (e.g. https://www.pangaea.de/expeditions/events/M160) will be linked to these files. This Event will contain similar information as described above, e.g. coordinates, methods/devices, etc.. If SVP's are used for data post-processing (sound velocity correction), these data files can also be submitted to PANGAEA. If possible, these SVP can be linked to the corresponding Event.

Standardized usage of Parameter
Which PANGAEA parameter (https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Parameter) for bathymetry data sets will be used & added to the data files, depend on whether raw or processed data are being submitted.

Raw data curation
Standard parameters for bathymetry raw data also include PANGAEA’s so called Geocodes (https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Geocode). These are standard important parameters, which are mandatory to keep the data georeferenced. These metadata for each file will be automatically created while data curation process.

(more information (and more additional parameters) is provided as soon as possible.....).

Processed data curation
Standard important parameters, which are mandatory to keep the data georeferenced and described, will automatically be in attached in near future during the data curation process. However, if you could provide a table template describing these parameters for each uploaded file, this would support the data curation process. Feel free to upload a bathymetry grid, backscatter and/or a sidescan image. In general, GeoTiff files are preferred. Please indicated whether depth values of the grid cells are positive or negative values (this can be indicated in the file content description). .

(more information is provided as soon as possible.....)

Standardized usage of Comment
Bathymetry raw and processed data, which are acquired on scientific vessels, might contain erroneous depth values and/or data artifacts. These data shall never be used for navigational purposes involving safety at sea. For safety reasons, it is widely common to state this explicitly: The comment These data should not be used for navigational purposes will be automatically included as a comment on each bathymetry dataset in PANGAEA. Please also check the PANGAEA data policy for more information: https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Data_policy (page currently under construction). Bathymetry data for official nautical chart production must explicitly fulfil the requirements of the International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO) https://iho.int/.

Licence
PANGAEA and DAM are encouraging data submitters to submit bathymetry data under CC-BY 4.0 License terms, which allows sharing (copying and redistributing the material in any medium or format) and adapting (remixing, transforming, and building upon the material) the data (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). In this way, PANGAEA / DAM can also make the data coverage and the trackline visible with a direct link to PANGAEA at https://marine-data.de/ in the future. Note, within the DAM efforts, coverage and trackline off all submitted bathymetry data will be made available to the community via OGC Web Map Services (WMS). Avoid licence CC-BY-ND & CC-BY-SA, if possible.

Which CC license choose for data? Check also https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/License

Raw data
Bartholomä, Alexander; Holler, Peter; Wisshak, Max (2020): Multibeam bathymetry raw data (Kongsberg EM 122 entire dataset) of RV MARIA S. MERIAN during cruise MSM55. Senckenberg am Meer, Wilhelmshaven, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.923421

Processed data
https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.912259 (Please note, this is a test dataset, dataset currently in review status, therefore not fully accessible, example is also out of date)

(Standardized usage of Data model extensions) (for raw and processed data curation)
The usage of so-called data model extensions which are further attributes is currently developed. This is a new feature for PANGAEA in order to include more standardized metadata. This new feature shall insure further findabilty (F) and interoperability(I) of the data sets (more information is provided as soon as possible.....).

How to submit data bathymetry data to PANGAEA and what to do?
Please submit bathymetry data here https://www.pangaea.de/submit/. During submission, you may have to provide information for the data curation process (e.g. cruise, device, etc) (more information is provided as soon as possible; you may be asked to fill out a questionnaire during data curation). Please edit/modify the titel & abstract as stated above for the submission.

Raw data
Usually for raw data, an upload area will be created for you where you can drop your files (on request). Feel free to drop your data as zip- or individual files. Please also include sound velocity profiles (only SVP raw data, e.g. MSM88_2-1_0.asvp) for raw data submission if available.

Processed data
For processed data you can use this excel file to prepare your submission template. This will highly support the data curation process. If additional SVP have been used for data processing, you can also upload these files.