Talk:Geocode

Geocode

GEOCODEs are used by PANGAEA to geo-reference the origin of data values in space and time on earth. In PANGAEA’s relational data, each value is geo-referenced, using diverse GEOCODEs. The GEOCODEs define and indicate in which environment the samples or measurements were taken.

Spatial GEOCODEs (x,y,z), are used to define sampling points, sensor locations, etc. Most important and mandatory GEOCODESs for georeferenced data are the geographical coordinates: LATITUDE and LONGITUDE (x,y) are given in decimal degree (positive for North, negative for South, WGS84). They are specified in each Event and can additionally expand the data tables and georeference individual samples more precisely. •	For data sets from a single location (= one point on earth, sediment cores, ice core, outcrop, radiosonde, vertical used net, single CTD etc.) the coordinated latitude and longitude are defined through the event https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.944660. •	For data sets from many locations (several points on earth, surface sampling, profile series, etc.) or horizontal profiles (horizontal nets, acoustic profiles etc.) latitude and longitude are given in the data table. Example for many locations: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.943571, example for horizontal profiles: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.778654 For the third spatial dimension (Depth/Height) (z) the system provides different options. This GEOCODEs also specify the sample milieu: lithosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, biosphere •	DEPTH, depending on the origin of the data use: o	DEPTH, sediment/rock [m] for geological, geochemistry, biogeochemisty, paleontological, geophysical measurements and samples. Describing the specific sampling depth in the sediment core: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.942967 o	DEPTH, sediment, experiment t [m] for georeferenced experiments in sediment environments, i.e., lander experiments. Experiments in the field must be distinguished from real field measurements. They do not reflect reality, but manipulated values. Therefore, we use experiments geocodes doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.896026 o	DEPTH, soil [m] for pedological studies. Describing the specific sampling depth in a pedologic profile or core doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.92278 o	DEPTH, water [m] for all studies in water columns, e.g., CTD profiles, moorings, biological sampling, hydrochemistry etc.. This GEOCODE describes the water depth in which the measurement or sample was collected. o	DEPTH, water, experiment [m] for georeferenced experiments in the water column, e.g., mesocosm data. Experiments in the field must be distinguished from real field measurements. They do not reflect reality, but manipulated values. Therefore, we use experiments geocodes https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.933089 o	DEPTH, ice/snow [m] for sampling and measurements in shelf- and sea-ice doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.923432

•	“HEIGHT”, depending on the milieu and position on earth o	ELEVATION [m a.s.l.] Height/Depth relative to sea level. Positive above mean sea level, negative below mean sea level – i.e., for specifying a location of a sediment core site at the bottom of the Mariana Trench = -10984 m, or the position of an instrument on the Mount Everest = 8848 m. Specified in each event and can additionally expand the data tables and georeferences the individual samples more precisely. Can be used for samples taken on the earth surface, for example, for geological rock sampling along a mountain climb. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.918658 o	ALTITUDE [m] for measurements in meter above sea level, i.e. in the air; example: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.944409 o	HEIGHT above ground [m] for measurements in meter above ground (not above sea level). Used whenever we specify the height above the ground, both on land and above the ocean floor. The elevation to this sample point is defined in the event label https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.943231

The following geocodes do not give an absolute position on the earth. They are used to position the samples/measurements relative to a defined location (event). This is always the case when a distance indication in an object or transect is decisive, and not the absolute orientation on the earth.

•	DISTANCE [cm] is a relative measurement in an object. It gives the distance from a measurement start point and can be used for corals, trees, shells, nodules etc. Please keep in mind that the object position on earth must be defined in the Event label. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.945784

•	POINT DISTANCE from start [m] is used for measurements along a horizontal transect. It gives the relative distance from a start point for example on sea ice, shelf ice, vegetation observation. The Start point’s position on earth is defined via the Event label https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.951583 •	SECTION, height [m] gives the relative height of a vertical profile. This Geocode is often used for geological data and gives the height from the bottom of an outcrop, or the height related to a specific geological layer. The outcrop’s position on earth is defined by the Event label https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.943591

•	ORDINAL NUMBER may be used if samples should just be kept in order. It can be used as a single geocode or in combination with other geocodes https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.949186 In addition to the vertical geocodes, a time coding of the data can be used. These geocodes describe either the time of sampling or the geological age of a sample.

•	AGE [kyr BP] is the Geocode for geological samples. All geologic ages in PANGAEA are given in ka to have an overall timeline of geology. In addition, the ages can also be given in millions year [Ma] or years [a] in Greogorian calender year [a AD/CE] with AD = Anno Domini, CE = Common Era https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.954602 or https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.949777

•	DATE/TIME Sample time is essential for biological data and time series. This also applies to experimental data. Date/time format follows the ISO-standard 8601 yyyy-MM-ddThh:mm:ss. Different formats can be displayed in the data set, depending on the accuracy of the date/time specification, please see list below https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.955091

List of Date/Time formats available in 4D/Data sets/Config card Format 	Example	Explanation yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm	2023-04-07T13:45 yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss	2023-04-07T13:45:12 yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS	2023-04-07T13:45:12.346 yyyy-MM	2023-04 yyyy-MM-dd	2023-04-07 yyyy-'W'ww-dd	2023-W14-07	week of the year yyyy-'W'ww	2023-W14 yyyy-'Q'q	2023-Q2	quarter of the year HH:mm:ss	13:45:12	time only HH:mm:ss.SSS	13:45:12.346 yyyy	2023	year q	2	quarter MM	04	month ww	14	week dd	07	day DDD	097	day of the year E	Sat	weekday HH	13	hour only mm	45	minute only ss	12	second only SSS	346	decimal sec only

Talk: Discussion Intern Stand 2021-03-01 PANGAEA GEOCODES are used to georeference data with respect to space and time. GEOCODES are typically defined in the EVENT. Sometimes the GEOCODES of data are resolved more precisely than the GEOCODES of the associated EVENT (e.g. when a device is applied at a defined station and moves). In this case, GEOCODES can be part of the data table.

The most important and mandatory GEOCODES for georeferenced data are the geographic coordinates (ID in brackets):
 * LATITUDE (1600)
 * LONGITUDE (1601)

For the third spatial dimension the system provides several options. Various GEOCODES can be combined one data set.
 * For DEPTH, depending on the origin of the data, the following GEOCODES can be used:
 * DEPTH, sediment/rock [m below surface] (1).
 * DEPTH, water [m below surface] (1619)
 * DEPTH, ice/snow [m below surface] (5059)
 * DEPTH, soil [m below surface] (143506)
 * In addition to the above DEPTH GEOCODES, intervals of depth can be defined by using the parameter Depth, top (3) and Depth, bottom (4).
 * ELEVATION [m above sea level] (8128) for samples taken on the earth surface (above sea level + positive, below sea level - negative)
 * ALTITUDE [m above sea level] (4607) for samples taken in the air
 * HEIGHT above ground [m above ground] (56349) for measurements in meter above ground (not above sea level)

For georeferenced experimental data use:
 * DEPTH, sediment, experiment [m below surface] (120637) for experiments in sediment environments
 * DEPTH, water, experiment [m below surface] (120638) for experiments in the water column, i.e., mesocosm data

The following are no "real" spatial GEOCODES, but may be used to force data in a certain order: [WHAT MAKES A GEOCODE A "REAL" GEOCODE? WE NEED A SMALL TECHNICAL DEFINITION IN THE FIRST PARAGRAPH I GUESS]
 * DISTANCE [cm] (2920) relative measure in an object, e.g. coral, tree, shell, nodule
 * POINT DISTANCE from start [m] (26097) relative distance along a horizontal transect
 * SECTION, height [m] (25539) relative height of a vertical profile
 * ORDINAL NUMBER (6262) may be used, if no third dimension is given and samples should just be kept in order.

A data set can also have a time GEOCODE:
 * AGE [kyr before present] (2205) for geological ages
 * Age, minimum/young (6167) [kyr before present] and
 * Age maximum/old (6168) [kyr] before present are not GEOCODES but may be used if a time span needs to be defined more precisely.
 * DATE/TIME (1599)
 * Import and Export date/time format follow the ISO-standard 8601 yyyy-MM-ddThh:mm:ss, example: 2006-02-18T14:45:41

The following additional date-parameters are no "real" GEOCODES, but may be used if more date/time fields are required, e.g. to define a time span. Those are also ISO-format.
 * Date/time start (152460) and
 * Date/time end (150986)
 * Date (152481)

The list of GEOCODEs can be downloaded from Pangaea in html or text format.

DIESE TABELLE WÜRDE ICH RAUS SCHMEISSEN???:

List of Date/Time formats available in 4D/Data sets/Config card
THIS WAS ALREADY WRITTEN IN THE DISCUSSION PART: CAN WE DISCARD THIS?

PANGAEA verwendet zur Einordnung von Daten in Raum und Zeit eine jedem einzelnen Meßwert zugeordnete Geocodierung. Die Geocodierung ermöglicht es eine beliebige Teilmenge von Messdaten aus einem Untersuchungsbereich (z.B. Wasser) durch Eingrenzung mit den Raumkoordinaten und/oder des Zeitraumes im Retrieval zu extrahieren.

LATITUDE/LONGITUDE bestimmen die Lage eines Proben-/Meßpunktes auf der Erdoberfläche. Für Daten, die eindeutig einem bereits auf der EVENT-Ebene definierten Probenpunkt zugeordnet sind, braucht die Position beim Datenimport nicht nochmals angegeben zu werden; sie wird automatisch beim Import in die Geocodierung übernommen.

Für die dritte räumliche Koordinate stehen zur Auswahl: • DEPTH in einem Medium wie Wasser (Hydrosphäre), Sediment (Geosphäre), Eis (Kryosphäre), • ALTITUDE für die Höhe in der Luft (Atmosphäre), • DISTANCE als relative Entfernung auf einem Profil in einem Objekt, z.B. Koralle (Biosphäre); • ORDINAL NUMBER kann verwendet werden, wenn die Messpunkte nur durchnummeriert wurden und eine dritte Raumkoordinate fehlt (z.B. Segmente einer Pflanze).

Für DEPTH, DISTANCE und ALTITUDE ist bei untersuchten Schichten/Horizonten immer der mittlere Wert in der Geocodierung einzulesen. Für die Definition der Ober- und Untergrenze einer untersuchten Schicht können die Parameter Top + Bottom verwendet werden.

• DATE/TIME dient der zeitlichen Codierung von Meßreihen. Sowohl absolute (Zeitreihen), wie auch relative Zeitangaben (z.B. bei Experimenten) sind möglich. Ausschliesslich für die räumliche Geocodierung 'DEPTH in water', werden, falls beim Datenimport DATE/TIME nicht angegeben sind, Datum und Uhrzeit aus der Eventinformation in die Geocodierung übernommen (wichtig z.B. für ozeanographische Daten).

Auch für einen untersuchten Zeitraum können zusätzlich zur DATE/TIME-Geocodierung Anfang und Ende einer Messungen in die Parameter Date/Time start + Date/Time end eingelesen werden. Beide Parameter sind einfache Textparameter und somit nicht nach Zeitgrenzen retrievalfähig. Die Geocodierung sollte auch hier den mittleren Zeitpunkt enthalten. Import format ISO !

Seekarten können auf dem Mac unter MacENC erstellt werden (150 Euro) von Seekarten: Nordsee als Vectorkarte von Hard & Soft, Ostsee als Rasterkartensatz über NV-Verlag Arnis (Vektor folgt).
 * hard & soft GmbH, Köpenicker Straße 51, 24111 Kiel, Fon: ++49 (0) 431 / 32 96 00, info@hardsoft-kiel.de
 * http://www.hardsoft-kiel.de, http://www.hardsoft-segeln.de