PANGAEA Wiki - User contributions [en]

Citation

2026-05-05T09:49:44Z

Dkottmei: /* b) Bundled Publications and Publication Series (Dependent Collections) */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the official DOI (https://doi.org/…)<br>
❌ Do not cite the non-persistent link (https://doi.pangaea.de/...)
</p>

</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information
[[Citation#Citation of datasets "in review" should be avoided|''below'']]).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.

== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone Datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone Datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled Publications and Publication Series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between the overall dataset '''Collection''' and '''Member Datasets''':

* A '''Collection''' provides the overarching framework and context but contains no data.
* '''Member Datasets''' are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Collection.

'''Citation principle:'''

For Dependent Collections, it is generally '''sufficient to cite''' '''only the Collection'''. You do not need to cite all member datasets individually when referring to the Collection as a whole.

However, if your work uses '''only a specific Member Dataset''' or a '''subset of Member Datasets''', you may cite those individual datasets instead of the Collection. When citing individual member datasets, they must always be cited in the context of the Collection they belong to – similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Member Dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still under review are not yet considered published entities and therefore should not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may still undergo changes or become unavailable. Datasets under review are already displayed on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''non-persistent link''' that '''should not be used for citation''' and can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver with the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>Once the review process is finished, the link in the dataset header will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-05-05T09:48:01Z

Dkottmei: /* a) Standalone datasets */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the official DOI (https://doi.org/…)<br>
❌ Do not cite the non-persistent link (https://doi.pangaea.de/...)
</p>

</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information
[[Citation#Citation of datasets "in review" should be avoided|''below'']]).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.

== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone Datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone Datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled Publications and Publication Series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between the overall dataset '''Collection''' and '''Member Datasets''':

* A '''Collection''' provides the overarching framework and context but contains no data.
* '''Member Datasets''' are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Collection.

'''Citation principle:'''

For Dependent Collections, it is generally '''sufficient to cite''' '''only the Collection'''. You do not need to cite all member datasets individually when referring to the Collection as a whole.

However, if your work uses '''only a specific member dataset''' or a '''subset of member datasets''', you may cite those individual datasets instead of the Collection. When citing individual member datasets, they must always be cited in the context of the Collection they belong to – similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Member Dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still under review are not yet considered published entities and therefore should not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may still undergo changes or become unavailable. Datasets under review are already displayed on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''non-persistent link''' that '''should not be used for citation''' and can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver with the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>Once the review process is finished, the link in the dataset header will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-05-05T09:47:25Z

Dkottmei: /* b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the official DOI (https://doi.org/…)<br>
❌ Do not cite the non-persistent link (https://doi.pangaea.de/...)
</p>

</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information
[[Citation#Citation of datasets "in review" should be avoided|''below'']]).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.

== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled Publications and Publication Series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between the overall dataset '''Collection''' and '''Member Datasets''':

* A '''Collection''' provides the overarching framework and context but contains no data.
* '''Member Datasets''' are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Collection.

'''Citation principle:'''

For Dependent Collections, it is generally '''sufficient to cite''' '''only the Collection'''. You do not need to cite all member datasets individually when referring to the Collection as a whole.

However, if your work uses '''only a specific member dataset''' or a '''subset of member datasets''', you may cite those individual datasets instead of the Collection. When citing individual member datasets, they must always be cited in the context of the Collection they belong to – similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Member Dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still under review are not yet considered published entities and therefore should not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may still undergo changes or become unavailable. Datasets under review are already displayed on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''non-persistent link''' that '''should not be used for citation''' and can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver with the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>Once the review process is finished, the link in the dataset header will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-05-05T09:41:14Z

Dkottmei: /* b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the official DOI (https://doi.org/…)<br>
❌ Do not cite the non-persistent link (https://doi.pangaea.de/...)
</p>

</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information
[[Citation#Citation of datasets "in review" should be avoided|''below'']]).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.

== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between the overall dataset '''Collection''' and '''Member datasets''':

* A '''Collection''' provides the overarching framework and context but contains no data.
* '''Member datasets''' are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Collection.

'''Citation principle:'''

For Dependent Collections, it is generally '''sufficient to cite''' '''only the Collection'''. You do not need to cite all member datasets individually when referring to the Collection as a whole.

However, if your work uses '''only a specific member dataset''' or a '''subset of member datasets''', you may cite those individual datasets instead of the Collection. When citing individual member datasets, they must always be cited in the context of the Collection they belong to – similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Member dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still under review are not yet considered published entities and therefore should not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may still undergo changes or become unavailable. Datasets under review are already displayed on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''non-persistent link''' that '''should not be used for citation''' and can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver with the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>Once the review process is finished, the link in the dataset header will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-05-05T08:06:03Z

Dkottmei: /* Citation of datasets "in review" should be avoided */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the official DOI (https://doi.org/…)<br>
❌ Do not cite the non-persistent link (https://doi.pangaea.de/...)
</p>

</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information
[[Citation#Citation of datasets "in review" should be avoided|''below'']]).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.

== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between the overall dataset '''Collection''' and '''Member datasets''':

* A '''Collection''' provides the overarching framework and context but contains no data.
* '''Member datasets''' are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Collection.

'''Citation principle:'''

For Dependent Collections, it is generally '''sufficient to cite''' '''only the Collection'''. You do '''not''' need to cite all member datasets individually when referring to the Collection as a whole.

However, if your work uses '''only a specific member dataset''' or a '''subset of member datasets''', you may cite those individual datasets instead of the Collection. When citing individual member datasets, they must always be cited in the context of the Collection they belong to – similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Member dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still under review are not yet considered published entities and therefore should not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may still undergo changes or become unavailable. Datasets under review are already displayed on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''non-persistent link''' that '''should not be used for citation''' and can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver with the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>Once the review process is finished, the link in the dataset header will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-05-05T08:02:56Z

Dkottmei: /* b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the official DOI (https://doi.org/…)<br>
❌ Do not cite the non-persistent link (https://doi.pangaea.de/...)
</p>

</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information
[[Citation#Citation of datasets "in review" should be avoided|''below'']]).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.

== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between the overall dataset '''Collection''' and '''Member datasets''':

* A '''Collection''' provides the overarching framework and context but contains no data.
* '''Member datasets''' are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Collection.

'''Citation principle:'''

For Dependent Collections, it is generally '''sufficient to cite''' '''only the Collection'''. You do '''not''' need to cite all member datasets individually when referring to the Collection as a whole.

However, if your work uses '''only a specific member dataset''' or a '''subset of member datasets''', you may cite those individual datasets instead of the Collection. When citing individual member datasets, they must always be cited in the context of the Collection they belong to – similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Member dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still under review are not yet considered published entities and therefore should not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may still undergo changes or become unavailable. Datasets under review are already displayed on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''non-persistent link''' that can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver with the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>'''''Please avoid using the non-persistent link for citation!'''''

Once the review process is finished, the link in the dataset header will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-05-05T08:02:15Z

Dkottmei: /* b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the official DOI (https://doi.org/…)<br>
❌ Do not cite the non-persistent link (https://doi.pangaea.de/...)
</p>

</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information
[[Citation#Citation of datasets "in review" should be avoided|''below'']]).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.

== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between the overall dataset '''Collection''' and '''Member datasets''':

* A '''Collection''' provides the overarching framework and context but contains no data.
* '''Member datasets''' are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Collection.

'''Citation principle:'''

For Dependent Collections, it is generally sufficient to cite '''only the Collection'''. You do '''not''' need to cite all member datasets individually when referring to the Collection as a whole.

However, if your work uses '''only a specific member dataset''' or a '''subset of member datasets''', you may cite those individual datasets instead of the Collection.

When citing individual member datasets, they must always be cited in the context of the Collection they belong to – similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Member dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still under review are not yet considered published entities and therefore should not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may still undergo changes or become unavailable. Datasets under review are already displayed on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''non-persistent link''' that can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver with the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>'''''Please avoid using the non-persistent link for citation!'''''

Once the review process is finished, the link in the dataset header will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-05-05T07:52:28Z

Dkottmei: /* Best practice for citing data */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the official DOI (https://doi.org/…)<br>
❌ Do not cite the non-persistent link (https://doi.pangaea.de/...)
</p>

</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information
[[Citation#Citation of datasets "in review" should be avoided|''below'']]).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.

== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between the overall dataset Collection and Member datasets:

* A Collection provides the overarching framework and context but contains no data.
* Member datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Collection.

For Dependent Collections, either the Collection is cited - which is usually sufficient - or individual member datasets are cited when there is a need to refer explicitly to a specific subset. In the latter case, member datasets are always cited in the context of the Collection they belong to, similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Member dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still under review are not yet considered published entities and therefore should not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may still undergo changes or become unavailable. Datasets under review are already displayed on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''non-persistent link''' that can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver with the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>'''''Please avoid using the non-persistent link for citation!'''''

Once the review process is finished, the link in the dataset header will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-04-01T11:56:13Z

Dkottmei: /* Citation of datasets "in review" should be avoided */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the official DOI (https://doi.org/…)<br>
❌ Do not cite the non-persistent link (https://doi.pangaea.de/...)
</p>

</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information
[[Citation#Citation of datasets "in review" should be avoided|''below'']]).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.

== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between the overall dataset Collection and Member datasets:

* A Collection provides the overarching framework and context but contains no data.
* Member datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Collection.

For Dependent Collections, either the Collection is cited - which is usually sufficient - or individual member datasets are cited when there is a need to refer explicitly to a specific subset. In the latter case, member datasets are always cited in the context of the Collection they belong to, similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Member dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still under review are not yet considered published entities and therefore should not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may still undergo changes or become unavailable. Datasets under review are already displayed on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''non-persistent link''' that can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver with the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>'''''Please avoid using the non-persistent link for citation!'''''

Once the review process is finished, the link in the dataset header will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-04-01T11:39:47Z

Dkottmei: /* Citation of datasets "in review" should be avoided */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the DOI (https://doi.org/…)
</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information
[[Citation#Citation of datasets "in review" should be avoided|''below'']]).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.

== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between the overall dataset Collection and Member datasets:

* A Collection provides the overarching framework and context but contains no data.
* Member datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Collection.

For Dependent Collections, either the Collection is cited - which is usually sufficient - or individual member datasets are cited when there is a need to refer explicitly to a specific subset. In the latter case, member datasets are always cited in the context of the Collection they belong to, similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Member dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still under review are not yet considered published entities and therefore should not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

PANGAEA publication types

2026-04-01T09:16:03Z

Dkottmei: /* Collection */

=== Dataset ===
A dataset can be published as a self-standing publication (with no direct link to a scientific paper) or as an [[Talk:PANGAEA_publication_types#Supplement|independent supplement]] to a paper publication.

=== Collection ===
Several datasets (or even collections) can be grouped into data collections if they fulfill certain criteria. Below is an overview of collection types and their typical uses.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 86%;"
|-
! Collection types !! Typical use !! Example !! Download datasets at once (zip)? !! Citation collection!! Citation member dataset of a collection!! Re-use individual datasets for other collections?
|-
! Publication series
|| Homogeneous data collections (~identical data templates).<br /> Typically used for time series, new data can be added each year/month etc (an open series). Can also contain similar datasets collected at different locations.<br /> || Snow thickness measurements: {{doi|10.1594/PANGAEA.928966}}<br />Georeferenced coral reef photographs: {{doi|10.1594/PANGAEA.877578}}|| yes || ''with possible title postfix of the period of time:<br /> '' Author(s) (year) Title year- / year-year. Publisher, DOI <br><br> '''Example:''' Arndt, Stefanie; Haas, Christian (2021): Snow thickness measurements at ice stations during POLARSTERN cruise PS118 [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.928966 || Author(s) (year) Title. Publisher, DOI, in: Collection citation <br><br> '''Example:''' Arndt, Stefanie; Haas, Christian (2021): Snow thickness measurements at ice station PS118_20190222_1 during POLARSTERN cruise PS118 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.928953, In: Arndt, S; Haas, C (2021): Snow thickness measurements at ice stations during POLARSTERN cruise PS118 [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.928966<nowiki/>|| no
|-
! Bundled publication
|| Datasets are heterogeneous, with dependencies between individual datasets.<br /> Typically used when the usability / comprehensiveness of the individual datasets is only ensured by supplying all datasets as a package.|| Micropalaeontological sediment core record: {{doi|10.1594/PANGAEA.914589}}<br /> Ice mass balance buoy data: {{doi|10.1594/PANGAEA.924269}}|| yes || Author(s) (year) Title. Publisher, DOI <br><br> '''Example:''' Rudaya, Natalia (2020): Pollen and diatom records of Lake Big Yarovoe in Kulunda, southern West Siberia, Russia, covering 4 ka [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914589
|| Author(s) (year) Title. Publisher, DOI, in: Collection citation <br><br> '''Example:''' Rudaya, Natalia (2020): Age-depth relation of sediment core 2008-3 from Lake Big Yarovoe in Kulunda, southern West Siberia, Russia [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914875, In: Rudaya, N (2020): Pollen and diatom records of Lake Big Yarovoe in Kulunda, southern West Siberia, Russia, covering 4 ka [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914589<nowiki/>|| no

|-
! Editorial publication
|| Heterogeneous data collections.<br /> An editorial compilation of datasets for a specific purpose.<br /> The added value of such collection should be mentioned in its abstract. || Biodiversity experiment collection: {{doi|10.1594/PANGAEA.887388}}|| no || Editors(s) (year) Title. Publisher, DOI <br><br> '''Example:''' Oelmann, Yvonne; Wilcke, Wolfgang; Weigelt, Alexandra; Hillebrand, Helmut; Temperton, Vicky; Abbas, Maike; Buchmann, Nina; Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael; Schulze, Ernst-Detlef; Vogel, Anja; Weisser, Wolfgang W; Guiz, Jordan; Luo, Guangjuan; Meyer, Sebastian Tobias (eds.) (2018): Collection of data on element concentrations in plants in the Jena Experiment (Main Experiment). PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.887388 || Author(s) (year) Title. Publisher, DOI <br><br> '''Example:''' Oelmann, Yvonne; Wilcke, Wolfgang (2018): Carbon and nitrogen concentrations in plants (Main Experiment, year 2007) [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.887364 || yes
|-
!Dataset bibliography
|Heterogeneous data collections which are able to include other type of collections.
|Data of autonomous platforms during MOSAiC project:
[https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.942815 doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.942815]
|no
|Author(s) (year) Title. Publisher, DOI
'''Example:''' Rabe, Benjamin; Cox, Christopher J; Fang, Ying-Chih; Goessling, Helge; Granskog, Mats A; Hoppmann, Mario; Hutchings, Jennifer K; Krumpen, Thomas; Kuznetsov, Ivan; Lei, Ruibo; Li, Tao; Maslowski, Wieslaw; Nicolaus, Marcel; Perovich, Donald K; Persson, P Ola G; Regnery, Julia; Rigor, Ignatius; Shupe, Matthew D; Sokolov, Vladimir; Spreen, Gunnar; Stanton, Timothy; Watkins, Daniel; Blockley, Ed; Bünger, Hans Jakob; Cole, Sylvia T; Fong, Allison A; Haapala, Jari; Heuzé, Céline; Hoppe, Clara Jule Marie; Janout, Markus A; Jutila, Arttu; Katlein, Christian; Krishfield, Richard A; Long, Lin; Ludwig, Valentin; Morgenstern, Anne; O'Brien, Jeffrey K; Quintanilla Zurita, Alejandra; Rackow, Thomas; Riemann-Campe, Kathrin; Rohde, Jan; Shaw, William; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Solomon, Amy; Sperling, Anneke; Tao, Ran; Toole, John M; Tsamados, Michel; Zhu, Jialiang; Zuo, Guangyu (2023): Collection of data sets from autonomous platforms deployed during MOSAiC in 2019/2020 [dataset bibliography]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.942815
|Author(s) (year) Title. Publisher, DOI
'''Example:''' Anderson, Philip; Berge, Jørgen; Granskog, Mats A; Divine, Dmitry V; Katlein, Christian; Itkin, Polona; Raphael, Ian; Johnsen, Geir; Vogedes, Daniel; Kopec, Tomasz; Zolich, Artur; Geoffroy, Maxime; Cottier, Finlo; De La Torre, Pedro R (2023): Upwelling and downwelling visible radiation measurements of the autonomous ice-tethered OptiCAL 'ee' buoy deployed during MOSAiC in the Sea Ice Ridge Observatory area [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.928495
|yes
|}

=== Supplement===
If data (a dataset or a data collection) is submitted as a supplement to an article, the reference of the related scientific paper is indicated in the dataset/collection (with the relation "Supplement to:"). The dataset (collection) should then also be cited in the reference list of the related manuscript. The publication process of both, the article and the related data, should be synchronized. Therefore the data should be submitted to PANGAEA at the time of the paper submission, or ideally even earlier. A password protection for the data can be in place until the related article is accepted/published.

Citation

2026-04-01T09:13:05Z

Dkottmei: /* Best practice for citing data */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the DOI (https://doi.org/…)
</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information
[[Citation#Citation of datasets "in review" should be avoided|''below'']]).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.

== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between the overall dataset Collection and Member datasets:

* A Collection provides the overarching framework and context but contains no data.
* Member datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Collection.

For Dependent Collections, either the Collection is cited - which is usually sufficient - or individual member datasets are cited when there is a need to refer explicitly to a specific subset. In the latter case, member datasets are always cited in the context of the Collection they belong to, similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Member dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process are not yet considered published entities and therefore should not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-04-01T09:12:04Z

Dkottmei: /* Best practice for citing data */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the DOI (https://doi.org/…)
</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information
[[Citation#Citation%20of%20datasets%20'in%20review'%20should%20be%20avoided|''below'']]).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.

== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between the overall dataset Collection and Member datasets:

* A Collection provides the overarching framework and context but contains no data.
* Member datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Collection.

For Dependent Collections, either the Collection is cited - which is usually sufficient - or individual member datasets are cited when there is a need to refer explicitly to a specific subset. In the latter case, member datasets are always cited in the context of the Collection they belong to, similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Member dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process are not yet considered published entities and therefore should not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-04-01T09:10:47Z

Dkottmei:

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the DOI (https://doi.org/…)
</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information
[[Citation#Citation%20of%20datasets%20''"in review"''%20should%20be%20avoided|below]]).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.
== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between the overall dataset Collection and Member datasets:

* A Collection provides the overarching framework and context but contains no data.
* Member datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Collection.

For Dependent Collections, either the Collection is cited - which is usually sufficient - or individual member datasets are cited when there is a need to refer explicitly to a specific subset. In the latter case, member datasets are always cited in the context of the Collection they belong to, similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Member dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process are not yet considered published entities and therefore should not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-04-01T09:09:59Z

Dkottmei:

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the DOI (https://doi.org/…)
</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information
[[Citation#Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided|below]]).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.
== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between the overall dataset Collection and Member datasets:

* A Collection provides the overarching framework and context but contains no data.
* Member datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Collection.

For Dependent Collections, either the Collection is cited - which is usually sufficient - or individual member datasets are cited when there is a need to refer explicitly to a specific subset. In the latter case, member datasets are always cited in the context of the Collection they belong to, similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Member dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process are not yet considered published entities and therefore should not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-04-01T09:01:44Z

Dkottmei:

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the DOI (https://doi.org/…)
</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information
[[#Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided|below]]).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.
== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between the overall dataset Collection and Member datasets:

* A Collection provides the overarching framework and context but contains no data.
* Member datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Collection.

For Dependent Collections, either the Collection is cited - which is usually sufficient - or individual member datasets are cited when there is a need to refer explicitly to a specific subset. In the latter case, member datasets are always cited in the context of the Collection they belong to, similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Member dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process are not yet considered published entities and therefore should not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-04-01T08:21:11Z

Dkottmei: /* 1. Full citations in the reference list */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the DOI (https://doi.org/…)
</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information below).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.
== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between the overall dataset Collection and Member datasets:

* A Collection provides the overarching framework and context but contains no data.
* Member datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Collection.

For Dependent Collections, either the Collection is cited - which is usually sufficient - or individual member datasets are cited when there is a need to refer explicitly to a specific subset. In the latter case, member datasets are always cited in the context of the Collection they belong to, similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Member dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process are not yet considered published entities and therefore should not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-03-31T13:02:58Z

Dkottmei: /* Citation of datasets "in review" should be avoided */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the DOI (https://doi.org/…)<br>
❌ Do NOT cite datasets "in review"
</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information below).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.
== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between Parents and Child datasets:

* A Parent provides the overarching collection and context but contains no data.
* Child datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Parent.

In the case of Dependent collections, citing the Parent is sufficient. Individual child datasets should only be cited when there is a need to refer explicitly to a specific subset. Childs are always cited in relation to the Parent, similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Parent:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Child:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>
=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process are not yet considered published entities and therefore should not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-03-31T12:52:27Z

Dkottmei: /* Institutional Authorship */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the DOI (https://doi.org/…)<br>
❌ Do NOT cite datasets "in review"
</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information below).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.
== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between Parents and Child datasets:

* A Parent provides the overarching collection and context but contains no data.
* Child datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Parent.

In the case of Dependent collections, citing the Parent is sufficient. Individual child datasets should only be cited when there is a need to refer explicitly to a specific subset. Childs are always cited in relation to the Parent, similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Parent:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Child:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>
=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process, or that are under a moratorium, are not yet considered published entities and therefore must not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-03-31T12:30:11Z

Dkottmei: /* c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==
{{Box
| title = 📌 How to cite a PANGAEA dataset in a nutshell
| content =
<ol>
<li>Go to the dataset landing page</li>
<li>Copy the <b>suggested citation</b> at the top</li>
<li>Paste it into your <b>reference list</b></li>
<li>Cite it in the text as <b>(Author, Year)</b></li>
</ol>

<p>
✔ Always include the dataset in the reference list<br>
✔ Always use the DOI (https://doi.org/…)<br>
❌ Do NOT cite datasets "in review"
</p>
}}

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

<div style="float:right; width:30%; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2c4c9; background:#eef7f8; padding:12px; border-radius:6px;">
[[File:Citation_tools.png|frameless|upright=1.1]]
<div style="font-size:90%; margin-top:6px;">
Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.
</div>
</div>

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information below).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.
== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between Parents and Child datasets:

* A Parent provides the overarching collection and context but contains no data.
* Child datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Parent.

In the case of Dependent collections, citing the Parent is sufficient. Individual child datasets should only be cited when there is a need to refer explicitly to a specific subset. Childs are always cited in relation to the Parent, similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Parent:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Child:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>
=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

=== Institutional Authorship ===
In some cases, data are submitted on behalf of an institution rather than individual researchers. Here, the institution is listed as the creator and is responsible for the acquisition of data and related science:

'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Institution,'' ''Publisher'', Identifier

'''Example:''' <blockquote>'''Nicolaus, Marcel; Hoppmann, Mario; Tao, Ran; Katlein, Christian (2023):''' Spectral radiation fluxes, albedo and transmittance from autonomous measurements from Radiation Station 2020R21, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 [dataset bundled publication]. ''Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA,'' https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.948838</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process, or that are under a moratorium, are not yet considered published entities and therefore must not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-03-31T10:53:06Z

Dkottmei: /* b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==
[[File:Citation_tools.png|400px|thumbnail|right|Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.]]

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information below).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.
== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between Parents and Child datasets:

* A Parent provides the overarching collection and context but contains no data.
* Child datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Parent.

In the case of Dependent collections, citing the Parent is sufficient. Individual child datasets should only be cited when there is a need to refer explicitly to a specific subset. Childs are always cited in relation to the Parent, similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Parent:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Child:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>'''Independent dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Eagles, Graeme; Ruppel, Antonia; Läufer, Andreas; Steinhage, Daniel; Helm, Veit (2025):''' ANT 2015/16: AWI airborne Radio-Echo Sounding data western DML over the Maud Belt and Ekström Ice Shelf (GEA-V-FMA project) [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.987347</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

=== Institutional Authorship ===
In some cases, data are submitted on behalf of an institution rather than individual researchers. Here, the institution is listed as the creator and is responsible for the acquisition of data and related science:

'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Institution,'' ''Publisher'', Identifier

'''Example:''' <blockquote>'''Nicolaus, Marcel; Hoppmann, Mario; Tao, Ran; Katlein, Christian (2023):''' Spectral radiation fluxes, albedo and transmittance from autonomous measurements from Radiation Station 2020R21, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 [dataset bundled publication]. ''Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA,'' https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.948838</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process, or that are under a moratorium, are not yet considered published entities and therefore must not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-03-31T10:52:44Z

Dkottmei: /* b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==
[[File:Citation_tools.png|400px|thumbnail|right|Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.]]

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information below).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.
== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between Parents and Child datasets:

* A Parent provides the overarching collection and context but contains no data.
* Child datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Parent.

In the case of dependent collections, citing the parent is sufficient. Individual child datasets should only be cited when there is a need to refer explicitly to a specific subset. Childs are always cited in relation to the parent, similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Parent:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Child:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>'''Independent dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Eagles, Graeme; Ruppel, Antonia; Läufer, Andreas; Steinhage, Daniel; Helm, Veit (2025):''' ANT 2015/16: AWI airborne Radio-Echo Sounding data western DML over the Maud Belt and Ekström Ice Shelf (GEA-V-FMA project) [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.987347</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

=== Institutional Authorship ===
In some cases, data are submitted on behalf of an institution rather than individual researchers. Here, the institution is listed as the creator and is responsible for the acquisition of data and related science:

'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Institution,'' ''Publisher'', Identifier

'''Example:''' <blockquote>'''Nicolaus, Marcel; Hoppmann, Mario; Tao, Ran; Katlein, Christian (2023):''' Spectral radiation fluxes, albedo and transmittance from autonomous measurements from Radiation Station 2020R21, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 [dataset bundled publication]. ''Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA,'' https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.948838</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process, or that are under a moratorium, are not yet considered published entities and therefore must not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-03-31T08:59:58Z

Dkottmei: /* b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==
[[File:Citation_tools.png|400px|thumbnail|right|Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the dataset reference.]]

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information below).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availability section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.
== Where and how to cite datasets ==

Every dataset citation has 2 parts:

* Full citation → reference list
* Short citation → in-text

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between Parents and Child datasets:

* A Parent provides the overarching collection and context but contains no data.
* Child datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Parent.

If a Parent dataset exists, citing the Parent alone is sufficient. Child datasets should only be cited when there is a need to refer explicitly to a particular subset. Child datasets are always cited in relation to the Parent, similar to citing a chapter within a book.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Parent:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

'''Child:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>'''Independent dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Eagles, Graeme; Ruppel, Antonia; Läufer, Andreas; Steinhage, Daniel; Helm, Veit (2025):''' ANT 2015/16: AWI airborne Radio-Echo Sounding data western DML over the Maud Belt and Ekström Ice Shelf (GEA-V-FMA project) [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.987347</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

=== Institutional Authorship ===
In some cases, data are submitted on behalf of an institution rather than individual researchers. Here, the institution is listed as the creator and is responsible for the acquisition of data and related science:

'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Institution,'' ''Publisher'', Identifier

'''Example:''' <blockquote>'''Nicolaus, Marcel; Hoppmann, Mario; Tao, Ran; Katlein, Christian (2023):''' Spectral radiation fluxes, albedo and transmittance from autonomous measurements from Radiation Station 2020R21, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 [dataset bundled publication]. ''Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA,'' https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.948838</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process, or that are under a moratorium, are not yet considered published entities and therefore must not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-02-04T10:56:07Z

Dkottmei: Undo revision 16594 by Dkottmei (talk)

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice (Stall et al. 2023). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==
[[File:Citation_tools.png|400px|thumbnail|right|Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the data set reference.]]

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines (Stall et al., 2023), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information below).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availibilty section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.
== Where and how to cite datasets ==

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
Standalone datasets are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of Dependent Collections, which distinguish between Parents and Child datasets:

* A Parent provides the overarching collection and context but contains no data.
* Child datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Parent.

Each '''Child dataset should be cited individually to improve visibility''' and ensure correct attribution, even when a Parent citation is provided. Child datasets are always cited with reference to the Parent, similar to citing a book chapter within a book. Citing the Parent alone is therefore redundant.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Child:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>'''Parent:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
Independent Collections group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>'''Independent dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Eagles, Graeme; Ruppel, Antonia; Läufer, Andreas; Steinhage, Daniel; Helm, Veit (2025):''' ANT 2015/16: AWI airborne Radio-Echo Sounding data western DML over the Maud Belt and Ekström Ice Shelf (GEA-V-FMA project) [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.987347</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. (2023) and the AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors, the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

=== Institutional Authorship ===
In some cases, data are submitted on behalf of an institution rather than individual researchers. Here, the institution is listed as the creator and is responsible for the acquisition of data and related science:

'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Institution,'' ''Publisher'', Identifier

'''Example:''' <blockquote>'''Nicolaus, Marcel; Hoppmann, Mario; Tao, Ran; Katlein, Christian (2023):''' Spectral radiation fluxes, albedo and transmittance from autonomous measurements from Radiation Station 2020R21, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 [dataset bundled publication]. ''Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA,'' https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.948838</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process, or that are under a moratorium, are not yet considered published entities and therefore must not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''DataCite recommendations''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. (2023)''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-02-04T09:29:31Z

Dkottmei: Parent/child als Begriffe mit Collection/member ersetzt, Zitation des "Parent"-Dataset als Beispiel gestrichen, da wir es ja nicht empfehlen

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==
[[File:Citation_tools.png|400px|thumbnail|right|Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the data set reference.]]

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines (Stall et al., 2023), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information below).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availibilty section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.
== Where and how to cite datasets ==

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
Standalone datasets are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of Dependent Collections. In these cases, the overarching collection provides contextual metadata, while the actual data reside only in the member datasets.

Each '''member dataset should be cited individually''' to improve visibility and ensure correct attribution. Member datasets are always cited in reference to the overall collection, similar to citing a chapter within a book. A standalone citation of the collection itself is therefore unnecessary.

'''Example citation:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>
==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
Independent Collections group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>'''Independent dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Eagles, Graeme; Ruppel, Antonia; Läufer, Andreas; Steinhage, Daniel; Helm, Veit (2025):''' ANT 2015/16: AWI airborne Radio-Echo Sounding data western DML over the Maud Belt and Ekström Ice Shelf (GEA-V-FMA project) [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.987347</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. (2023) and the AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors, the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

=== Institutional Authorship ===
In some cases, data are submitted on behalf of an institution rather than individual researchers. Here, the institution is listed as the creator and is responsible for the acquisition of data and related science:

'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Institution,'' ''Publisher'', Identifier

'''Example:''' <blockquote>'''Nicolaus, Marcel; Hoppmann, Mario; Tao, Ran; Katlein, Christian (2023):''' Spectral radiation fluxes, albedo and transmittance from autonomous measurements from Radiation Station 2020R21, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 [dataset bundled publication]. ''Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA,'' https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.948838</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process, or that are under a moratorium, are not yet considered published entities and therefore must not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''DataCite recommendations''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. (2023)''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-01-19T13:40:28Z

Dkottmei: /* Best practice for citing data */

Citation

2026-01-16T09:58:53Z

Dkottmei: Large Update reviewed by Lars, Dana, Janine und Doro

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice (Stall et al. 2023). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==
[[File:Citation_tools.png|400px|thumbnail|right|Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the data set reference.]]

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications such as research articles. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines (Stall et al., 2023), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information below).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availibilty section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.
== Where and how to cite datasets ==

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
Standalone datasets are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of Dependent Collections, which distinguish between Parents and Child datasets:

* A Parent provides the overarching collection and context but contains no data.
* Child datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Parent.

Each '''Child dataset should be cited individually to improve visibility''' and ensure correct attribution, even when a Parent citation is provided. Child datasets are always cited with reference to the Parent, similar to citing a book chapter within a book. Citing the Parent alone is therefore redundant.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Child:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>'''Parent:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
Independent Collections group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>'''Independent dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Eagles, Graeme; Ruppel, Antonia; Läufer, Andreas; Steinhage, Daniel; Helm, Veit (2025):''' ANT 2015/16: AWI airborne Radio-Echo Sounding data western DML over the Maud Belt and Ekström Ice Shelf (GEA-V-FMA project) [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.987347</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. (2023) and the AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors, the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

=== Institutional Authorship ===
In some cases, data are submitted on behalf of an institution rather than individual researchers. Here, the institution is listed as the creator and is responsible for the acquisition of data and related science:

'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Institution,'' ''Publisher'', Identifier

'''Example:''' <blockquote>'''Nicolaus, Marcel; Hoppmann, Mario; Tao, Ran; Katlein, Christian (2023):''' Spectral radiation fluxes, albedo and transmittance from autonomous measurements from Radiation Station 2020R21, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 [dataset bundled publication]. ''Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA,'' https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.948838</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process, or that are under a moratorium, are not yet considered published entities and therefore must not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''DataCite recommendations''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. (2023)''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']