PANGAEA Wiki - User contributions [en]

Format

2026-04-28T07:11:41Z

Sschumacher: NetCDF sentence added "NetCDF, preferably using the Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions; detailed documentation is required in all other cases"

PANGAEA accepts and publishes a wide spectrum of data formats. Thereby, we classify these file formats into three categories – [[Format#Documentation|Documentation formats]], and [[Format#Tabular data|Tabular]] and [[Format#Binary data|Binary data]] formats – based on how these formats are treated and processed during our editorial work, and how they are represented in our data publications.

'''Important:''' If you consider submitting data and supplementary documentation to PANGAEA, please make sure to provide open (ideally non-proprietary) formats widely accepted and endorsed in your scientific communities in order to support the accessibility and (re-)usability on long time-scales and by openly available tools.

== Documentation ==
As documentation we consider all files provided in typical text data formats meant to supplement or further describe data submissions (whether in tabular or binary formats), such as processing reports, instrument calibration protocols, standard operating procedures.

Accepted formats for documentation are:
* '''PDF'''/A (ISO19005) - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF/A
* '''RTF''' or '''ODF''' (ISO26300) - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument
* Microsoft '''Office files''' such as '''*.docx''' for MS Word, and '''*.xlsx''' for Excel spreadsheet documents – compliant to standard OOXML (ISO/IEC 29500:2008 since Office 2013 – https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office),
* or (our favourite and recommended) '''plain UTF-8 encoded text files''' - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8

== Tabular data ==
PANGAEA is specifically good at (or, to put it differently, is able to make the most of) tabular field observation data. Owing to the many efforts we put in harmonizing parameter/variable names, methods, dimensions and units during our editorial processing, and due to the fact that this kind of data is stored in a relational database (PostgreSQL) at PANGAEA, our users are able to easily compile specific parameters/variables of interest from many similar studies (i.e. related individual publications) into meta-studies targeting new research questions and contexts using our [[PANGAEA search#Data warehouse|Data Warehouse]]. Or apply similar functionality with the help of the Python module pangaeapy or the R pendant pangaear (see our [https://www.pangaea.de/tools/ Tools site] for details).

The '''preferred''' '''formats''' for data tables are:

* '''TAB-delimited TEXT-files''' (UTF-8 encoded), or
* '''(open) spreadsheet file formats''' (MS Excel .xlsx, OpenOffice & LibreOffice Calc .ods etc)'''.'''

Please note that data tables are '''not''' accepted as encapsulated objects (e.g., in .mat files).

Example for a tabular dataset: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934148

== Binary data ==
Binary objects and documentations are usually stored in a combination of hard-drive arrays (for immediate and performant access) and tape archives. File formats should follow ISO standards or at least ''de facto'' standards. Online preview is available for raster graphics and videos (e.g. .tif, .png, .jpeg, .mp4).

Example: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.936185

=== Images ===
* tiff
** http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format
** [http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=2181 ISO12639:1998]
* jpeg
** http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jpeg
** [http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=18902 ISO10918-1:1994]
*png
**https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics
**[https://www.iso.org/standard/29581.html ISO/IEC 15948:2004]

=== Video ===
see: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Video
* '''MPG Container'''
** MP3
*** http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3
*** [http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=45524 ISO/IEC 14496-4:2004]?
** MPEG2 (for PAL)
*** http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG_2
*** [http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=37680 ISO/IEC 13818-11:2004]
**** Software [http://www.videolan.org/ VLC media player]<br />

* '''MP4 Container'''
** AAC
*** http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding
*** [http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=43345 ISO/IEC 13818-7:2006]
** MPEG-4 (for HDTV)
*** http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-4
*** [http://www.iso.org/iso/search.htm?qt=14496&published=on&active_tab=standards ISO/IEC 14496]

=== Audio ===
* MP3
* WAVE (WAV)
** description http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAV
** example {{doi|10.1594/PANGAEA.339110}}

=== Seismic data ===
* segy

=== ADCP ===
* proprietary binary ''ping''-format, archived on hs, linked to metadescription in PANGAEA
** ping: http://currents.soest.hawaii.edu/docs/doc/codas_doc/CODAS_pingdemo.html
* final processed data in UTF-8, archived in ''data numeric'' of PANGAEA (file size 100-500 MB!)
** Example {{doi|10.1594/PANGAEA.701279}}

=== Large array-oriented, scientific data (no models - please see our corresponding Wiki article "[[Model data and PANGAEA]]"!) ===
* Network Common Data Form (NetCDF), preferably using the Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions; detailed documentation is required in all other cases
** description http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetCDF
** Unidata/NSF http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/
** example https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940846
** viewer ''panoply'' http://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/panoply/

=== Compression ===
* zip is ISO-standard and supported - *.tar, *.rar and *.7z are NOT standard and (at least the latter two) not supported by PANGAEA

=== Proprietary formats ===
If proprietary data formats cannot be avoided, please include a reference to open source software, preferably with a DOI, that can be used to open such files (e.g. at GitHub, pypi.org).

Citation

2026-03-30T07:32:41Z

Sschumacher: /* Where and how to cite datasets */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==
[[File:Citation_tools.png|400px|thumbnail|right|Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the data set reference.]]

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information below).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availibilty section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.
== Where and how to cite datasets ==

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between Parents and Child datasets:

* A Parent provides the overarching collection and context but contains no data.
* Child datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Parent.

Each '''Child dataset should be cited individually to improve visibility''' and ensure correct attribution, even when a Parent citation is provided. Child datasets are always cited with reference to the Parent, similar to citing a book chapter within a book. Citing the Parent alone is therefore redundant.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Child:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>'''Parent:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>'''Independent dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Eagles, Graeme; Ruppel, Antonia; Läufer, Andreas; Steinhage, Daniel; Helm, Veit (2025):''' ANT 2015/16: AWI airborne Radio-Echo Sounding data western DML over the Maud Belt and Ekström Ice Shelf (GEA-V-FMA project) [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.987347</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023]) and the [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors], the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

=== Institutional Authorship ===
In some cases, data are submitted on behalf of an institution rather than individual researchers. Here, the institution is listed as the creator and is responsible for the acquisition of data and related science:

'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Institution,'' ''Publisher'', Identifier

'''Example:''' <blockquote>'''Nicolaus, Marcel; Hoppmann, Mario; Tao, Ran; Katlein, Christian (2023):''' Spectral radiation fluxes, albedo and transmittance from autonomous measurements from Radiation Station 2020R21, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 [dataset bundled publication]. ''Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA,'' https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.948838</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process, or that are under a moratorium, are not yet considered published entities and therefore must not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''[https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html DataCite recommendations]''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 2023])''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-03-30T07:19:49Z

Sschumacher: /* 1. Full citations in the reference list */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==
[[File:Citation_tools.png|400px|thumbnail|right|Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the data set reference.]]

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information below).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availibilty section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.
== Where and how to cite datasets ==

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Standalone datasets]] are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of [[PANGAEA publication types|Dependent Collections]], which distinguish between Parents and Child datasets:

* A Parent provides the overarching collection and context but contains no data.
* Child datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Parent.

Each '''Child dataset should be cited individually to improve visibility''' and ensure correct attribution, even when a Parent citation is provided. Child datasets are always cited with reference to the Parent, similar to citing a book chapter within a book. Citing the Parent alone is therefore redundant.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Child:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>'''Parent:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
[[PANGAEA publication types|Independent Collections]] group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>'''Independent dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Eagles, Graeme; Ruppel, Antonia; Läufer, Andreas; Steinhage, Daniel; Helm, Veit (2025):''' ANT 2015/16: AWI airborne Radio-Echo Sounding data western DML over the Maud Belt and Ekström Ice Shelf (GEA-V-FMA project) [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.987347</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. (2023) and the AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors, the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

=== Institutional Authorship ===
In some cases, data are submitted on behalf of an institution rather than individual researchers. Here, the institution is listed as the creator and is responsible for the acquisition of data and related science:

'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Institution,'' ''Publisher'', Identifier

'''Example:''' <blockquote>'''Nicolaus, Marcel; Hoppmann, Mario; Tao, Ran; Katlein, Christian (2023):''' Spectral radiation fluxes, albedo and transmittance from autonomous measurements from Radiation Station 2020R21, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 [dataset bundled publication]. ''Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA,'' https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.948838</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process, or that are under a moratorium, are not yet considered published entities and therefore must not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''DataCite recommendations''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. (2023)''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-03-30T06:48:19Z

Sschumacher: /* Best practice for citing data */

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==
[[File:Citation_tools.png|400px|thumbnail|right|Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the data set reference.]]

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al., 2023]), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information below).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availibilty section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.
== Where and how to cite datasets ==

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
Standalone datasets are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of Dependent Collections, which distinguish between Parents and Child datasets:

* A Parent provides the overarching collection and context but contains no data.
* Child datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Parent.

Each '''Child dataset should be cited individually to improve visibility''' and ensure correct attribution, even when a Parent citation is provided. Child datasets are always cited with reference to the Parent, similar to citing a book chapter within a book. Citing the Parent alone is therefore redundant.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Child:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>'''Parent:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
Independent Collections group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>'''Independent dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Eagles, Graeme; Ruppel, Antonia; Läufer, Andreas; Steinhage, Daniel; Helm, Veit (2025):''' ANT 2015/16: AWI airborne Radio-Echo Sounding data western DML over the Maud Belt and Ekström Ice Shelf (GEA-V-FMA project) [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.987347</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. (2023) and the AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors, the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

=== Institutional Authorship ===
In some cases, data are submitted on behalf of an institution rather than individual researchers. Here, the institution is listed as the creator and is responsible for the acquisition of data and related science:

'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Institution,'' ''Publisher'', Identifier

'''Example:''' <blockquote>'''Nicolaus, Marcel; Hoppmann, Mario; Tao, Ran; Katlein, Christian (2023):''' Spectral radiation fluxes, albedo and transmittance from autonomous measurements from Radiation Station 2020R21, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 [dataset bundled publication]. ''Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA,'' https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.948838</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process, or that are under a moratorium, are not yet considered published entities and therefore must not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''DataCite recommendations''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. (2023)''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Citation

2026-03-30T06:47:49Z

Sschumacher:

==Why is the correct citation of datasets important?==

Citing datasets is fundamental to good scientific practice ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7 Stall et al. 2023]). It gives proper credit to your own work as well as to the work of others, while also increasing the reproducibility of results and, in turn, trust in research (see also [https://datacite.org/cite-your-data.html DataCite: Why cite data?]). Proper citation also ensures that laboratory and support staff receive due recognition for their contributions to the measurements, even if they were not directly involved in the manuscripts derived from the data.

With the growing importance of open data, dataset citation has also become a central element of the scientific reward system. Citation metrics, increasingly provided by platforms such as DataCite, only function when datasets are cited correctly. By listing datasets in the reference section, you help ensure they are indexed, discoverable, and counted toward scholarly metrics.

==Best practice for citing data==
[[File:Citation_tools.png|400px|thumbnail|right|Citation tools (copy and export citation) located below the data set reference.]]

PANGAEA publishes datasets in much the same way that scientific journals publish articles. For this reason, PANGAEA datasets should be cited formally and consistently, just like other publications. Citations should '''always appear in the reference list''' of any publication that uses the data.

PANGAEA’s citation practices follow international recommendations and guidelines (Stall et al., 2023), reflecting the growing recognition of data as a fundamental resource for scientific research.

On the landing page of each dataset, the suggested citation is displayed at the top. The citation can be copied or exported in the preferred format using the copy or export buttons below the title. Further buttons enable sharing the reference via social media.

Please note that '''citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided''' (''see further information below).''

In addition to citing individual datasets, it is strongly recommended to acknowledge PANGAEA as the data publisher, for instance in the method or data availibilty section. The following publication, authored by the PANGAEA team, describes the repository, data archiving workflow, and its infrastructure:<blockquote>'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023):''' PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' '''10''', 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x</blockquote>Citing PANGAEA is optional but highly appreciated, as it supports the maintenance and development of the service.
== Where and how to cite datasets ==

=== 1. Full citations in the reference list ===
The reference list of a publication should include '''full citations for all datasets used'''. This enables automated attribution and credit through Crossref’s [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data].

==== a) Standalone datasets ====
Standalone datasets are self-contained data publications that are not part of a larger collection.

'''Example citations:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily M; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote><blockquote>'''Bauch, Dorothea; Meyer, Hanno; Damm, Ellen; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Mellat, Moein; Granskog, Mats A; Weiner, Mikaela; Marent, Andreas (2024):''' Stable water isotopes of sea ice at biogeochemistry sites (BGC) and Main Coring Sites (MCS) during MOSAiC expedition, leg 1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971330.</blockquote>

==== b) Bundled publications and publication series (Dependent Collections) ====
Some datasets are part of Dependent Collections, which distinguish between Parents and Child datasets:

* A Parent provides the overarching collection and context but contains no data.
* Child datasets are the individual, data-bearing datasets within a Parent.

Each '''Child dataset should be cited individually to improve visibility''' and ensure correct attribution, even when a Parent citation is provided. Child datasets are always cited with reference to the Parent, similar to citing a book chapter within a book. Citing the Parent alone is therefore redundant.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Child:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water analyses of sediment core GeoB16426-1 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947262</nowiki>, ''In:'' '''Zabel, M (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>'''Parent:'''<blockquote>'''Zabel, Matthias (2022):''' Pore water and solid phase data from deep-sea trench sediments [dataset bundled publication]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947269</blockquote>

==== c) Editorial Publications and Bibliographies (Independent Collections) ====
Independent Collections group datasets that can be used and cited independently. Individual datasets may belong to multiple collections.

'''Example citations:'''

'''Collection:'''<blockquote>'''Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024):''' Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</blockquote>'''Independent dataset:'''<blockquote>'''Eagles, Graeme; Ruppel, Antonia; Läufer, Andreas; Steinhage, Daniel; Helm, Veit (2025):''' ANT 2015/16: AWI airborne Radio-Echo Sounding data western DML over the Maud Belt and Ekström Ice Shelf (GEA-V-FMA project) [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.987347</blockquote>

=== 2. In-text citations (Author-year format) ===

==== a) Main part of a publication (e.g., methods or results sections) ====
In the body of a publication, datasets should be cited in the '''author-year format (Authors, YYYY)''', just like journal articles and other publications, and '''must be accompanied by a full entry in the reference list'''.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>This study makes use of observational data from MOSAiC leg 1 (Timofeeva et al., 2020, Bauch et al., 2024), both datasets being published via the data publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (see Felden et al., 2023 for a description of the repository)</blockquote>

==== b) Data availability statements ====
A data availability statement is written for the reader and clearly states where the supporting datasets and any relevant software are located, as well as details about accessibility. In accordance with the recommendations in Stall et al. (2023) and the AGU Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors, the statement should include an '''in-text citation in author-year format''' (authors, YYYY), '''along with a full reference list entry''' and key information about the datasets. Authors should provide a brief description of the data, the repository name, persistent identifiers (DOIs), and licensing or access conditions.

'''Example:'''<blockquote>The data supporting this study include observational sea ice records (Timofeeva et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021) and geochemical porewater analyses (Bauch et al., 2024; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956325). Both datasets are openly available through PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (Felden et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x). Data are licensed under CC-BY and accessible without restrictions.</blockquote>

== Structure of a dataset citations ==

=== Required elements ===
A complete dataset citation should contain the following elements:
* Authors (creators)
* Year of publication
* Title of dataset
* [[PANGAEA publication types|Type]] of dataset publication (e.g., ''"Dataset", "Publication series", "Bundled publication", "Editorial publication" or "Dataset bibliography"'')
* Publisher (e.g., PANGAEA)
* Persistent identifier (DOI)

=== General Citation Format ===
'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Publisher,'' Identifier

'''Example:'''<blockquote>'''Timofeeva, Anna; Smolyanitsky, Vasily; Bessonov, Vladimir; Petrovskiy, Tomash (2020):''' Special sea ice observations aboard Akademik Fedorov MOSAiC leg 1, 2019-09-25 to 2019-10-20 [dataset]. ''PANGAEA'', https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912021</blockquote>

=== Institutional Authorship ===
In some cases, data are submitted on behalf of an institution rather than individual researchers. Here, the institution is listed as the creator and is responsible for the acquisition of data and related science:

'''Creator (PublicationYear):''' Title [type]. ''Institution,'' ''Publisher'', Identifier

'''Example:''' <blockquote>'''Nicolaus, Marcel; Hoppmann, Mario; Tao, Ran; Katlein, Christian (2023):''' Spectral radiation fluxes, albedo and transmittance from autonomous measurements from Radiation Station 2020R21, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 [dataset bundled publication]. ''Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA,'' https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.948838</blockquote>

== Citation of datasets ''"in review"'' should be avoided ==
Data that are still in the archiving and review process, or that are under a moratorium, are not yet considered published entities and therefore must not be cited. Such datasets are not persistent because they may change or become unavailable. In practice, this means that:

* they are usually accessible only to contributing authors after logging in to PANGAEA, and

* they may be modified or even deleted during the review process.

Metadata of datasets under review is already displayed and findable on the PANGAEA website, but they contain a '''preliminary link''' ("...doi.pangaea.de") that can only be resolved with the PANGAEA DOI resolver and be easily confused with the final and persistent DOI (...doi.org..) . '''Please avoid using the preliminary link for citation.'''

The '''preliminary link can be recognized''' by the following format:<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''pangaea.de'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>It can only be resolved by the PANGAEA DOI resolver. Once the review process is finished, the link will take the final form, corresponding to the '''citable DOI''':<blockquote><nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>.'''org'''/10.1594/PANGAEA.XXXXXX (''XXXXXX = DataSetID'')</blockquote>

== Further reading ==
PANGAEA follows the '''DataCite recommendations''' and the '''''Author Preparation'' guidelines''' of '''Stall et al. (2023)''' that includes information on datasets and software citation in research articles, how to structure these citations and provide information on selecting the best possible scientific repositories to use for data and software, and what information to put in an Availability Statement.

== References: ==
* '''Stall, S., Bilder, G., Cannon, M. et al. (2023)''': Journal Production Guidance for Software and Data Citations. ''Scientific Data'', '''10''', 656. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02491-7
* '''Felden, J.; Möller, L.; Schindler, U.; Huber, R.; Schumacher, S.; Koppe, R.; Diepenbroek, M.; Glöckner, F. O. (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. ''Sci Data'' 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x
* DataCite. [https://datacite.org/why-cite-data.html Why cite data]
* Crossref. [https://www.crossref.org/services/event-data/ Event Data]
* [https://data.agu.org/resources/availability-citation-checklist-for-authors AGU ''Availability and Citation Checklist for Authors'']

Abstract

2025-05-23T08:03:38Z

Sschumacher:

For each [[dataset|dataset]] published in PANGAEA, the abstract provides a concise and method-oriented description of the observation or measurement, namely what, when, where, why and how the data was collected. The summary should consist of meaningful running text. The format of the dataset abstract is the same as that of paper abstracts.

For data submissions with single data tables, the abstract should be inserted into the abstract section of the submission form. The length should be ideally limited to 5000 characters. '''If a submission contains several data sets (tables), an individual abstract must be provided for each data set'''. Dataset specific abstracts can be similar to one another, but should contain at least one sentence that specifically relates to content of the respective data table.

==Information that an abstract should contain==
* '''WHAT''' are the observations made, what parameters were measured (especially if you publish data in files such as netCDF, or other proprietary formats), what samples were collected, what experiments were performed, what was modeled?
* '''WHEN''' was the data collected (time of the measurement not the campaign)? What is the temporal coverage? The precision of is information coverage should be made in context of the temporal extent of the dataset, e.g. geological era, centuries, millennia, decades, months, days, ...
* '''WHERE''' was the data collection done (e.g. Drake passage), what is the geographical coverage? The precision of this information should be made in context of the spatial extent of the dataset, e.g.: global, sea, ocean, continent, country, region, ...
* '''WHY''' was the data collected? What was the purpose? This will have important implications for reusability of the data, and its possible limitations for other purposes.
* '''HOW''' was the data collected? Which devices or methods were used to collect the data? During which campaign or cruise were the data collected?
* '''Abstract may contain necessary references'''. If you include a reference, please state the author(s) and year in the abstract. Please provide the full citation with the DOI in the submission form under "References". References relevant to the dataset do not need to appear in the abstract, but can also be linked to the data independently of the abstract (provide the details to the data editor).

==What to avoid==
* Avoid the '''interpretation of results'''.
* Avoid '''acronyms and abbreviations'''; if you use them, first spell them out.
* '''Do not simply copy & paste manuscript abstracts''' or cruise report extracts. Abstracts need to be dataset specific and unique.
* Many '''metadata do not have to be part of the abstract''' because they are already listed in the [[metaheader]] of the published dataset. Like that, they are both human and machine readable. Examples are:
** Contact information of the PI (is listed in the Parameter table of the dataset)
** Link to the cruise report, chief scientist (is part of the [[Event]] information in the dataset or can be added as a reference)
** Exact geolocation (is part of the [[Event]] information in the dataset)
** Title and citation of the related article (article is added as a reference)

==Data collection abstract==
Data [[PANGAEA publication types|collections]] require a common abstract. In addition to that, each of the individual datasets may have a separate abstract.

==Examples==
* A dataset with an informative abstract: {{doi|10.1594/PANGAEA.907748}}
* Abstract for a data collection: {{doi|10.1594/PANGAEA.911261}}
* Abstract for a data collection with additional abstracts for individual data sets: {{doi|10.1594/PANGAEA.908837}}

Authors Guides

2025-04-03T06:50:59Z

Sschumacher: /* III. Guidelines for data submission and formatting */

These guides provide essential information for data submitters and authors on how to prepare and submit their data for publication with PANGAEA. We recommend that you read the following information carefully before submitting data to us. These instructions includes the scope of PANGAEA, editorial criteria and processes, and preparation guides for metadata and data.

=I. Mission and Scope=

The information system PANGAEA is operated as an Open Access library aimed at archiving, publishing and distributing georeferenced data from earth and environmental science, compliant to our [https://www.pangaea.de/about/terms.php Terms of Use]. PANGAEA guarantees long-term availability of its content for at least 10 years (~75% is actually older than that). PANGAEA is open to any project, institution, or individual scientist to archive and publish research data.

PANGAEA focuses on georeferenced observational and experimental research data. Citability, comprehensive metadata descriptions, interoperability of data and metadata, a high degree of structural and semantic harmonization of the data inventory as well as the long-term commitment of the hosting institutions (AWI & MARUM) ensures the FAIRness ([https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18 Wilkinson et al., 2016]) of archived data both for use by humans and machines (i.e. tools and scripts, federated infrastructures, data portals and aggregators etc.).

Most of the data published on PANGAEA are freely available and can be used under the terms of the license mentioned on the dataset description. A few password-protected datasets are under moratorium due to ongoing projects. The metadata for all published datasets is always open-access under the [https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/cclicenses/ CC0 license] and includes the Principal Investigator (PI) who can be contacted for individual access.

Each dataset can be identified, shared, published and cited by the [[Citation|data citation]], which includes a Digital Object Identifier ([https://www.doi.org/index.html DOI]). PANGAEA also allows data to be published as supplements to science articles (example) or as citable data collections in combination with data journals such as Nature Scientific Data, Geoscience Data Journal, Earth System Science Data and others.

The PANGAEA data editorial ensures the integrity and authenticity as well as a high usability of your data. Archived data are machine readable and mirrored into our [[Data_warehouse|Data Warehouse]] which allows efficient compilations of data.

If you find PANGAEA useful for your work, please help us in maintaining our service by citing:

'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. Sci Data 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x

=II. Editorial Criteria and Processes=

==General Information==
PANGAEA is committed to publishing high quality datasets in maximum compliance with the FAIR Data Principles. During the publication process, data and metadata are checked for completeness and plausibility, and are structurally harmonized. This harmonization and standardization promotes a high degree of reusability and interoperability of the data stock and, among other things, supports the optimal readability and further processability of the data by machines and algorithms ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x Felden et al., 2023]). Following standardized procedures, the PANGAEA Editorial Team systematically reviews incoming data submissions and decides whether the submissions are sufficiently mature and of the appropriate quality to be published with PANGAEA. Data submissions that do not meet the scope and/or our quality requirements will be rejected.

Before submitting data to us, please check if there is a community-specific certified FAIR-data-repository for your data type. Community-specific data repositories may be able to better describe, represent and publish your type of data, or bring your data into a discipline-specific context. The repository search platform [https://www.re3data.org re3data] may be very helpful in this regard.

===Data types and file formats accepted by PANGAEA===
PANGAEA publishes primary/validated data from many fields of Earth and Environmental Science as well as Biodiversity research. This includes georeferenced observational (example: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.967645) and experimental data (example: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966520). PANGAEA is specialized in field observation and experimental data in two-dimensional tabular format with parameters/variables measured provided in columns.

Preferred formats for data are TAB-delimited text files in UTF-8 encoding, or (open) spreadsheet file formats (MS Excel .xlsx, OpenOffice & LibreOffice Calc .ods etc. - please see [[Format|the corresponding wiki article]] for more information). Example: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937808. Tables are not accepted as proprietary or encapsulated file types (e.g., Matlab files .mat or PDF files).

Binary objects such as NetCDF files, seismic data files (e.g. segy), photos/images and videos are also accepted as long as they are fully described with metadata. In order to follow the FAIR data principles and guarantee reusability for PANGAEA data publications, all such binary files must be usable with open source software. Example: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.936185

As an addition to numerical (or binary) data, supporting documentation on datasets can be archived and published (e.g. processing reports, instrument calibration protocols, standard operating procedures). These can be submitted as PDF/A, plain text or open document formats like RTF, ODF or MS Office documents (.docx, .xlsx). Links to such documentation already published elsewhere are also possible. In this case, please provide a complete reference.

=== Data types and formats PANGAEA does not accept (i.a. no longer) ===

'''Raw Data''': Raw data without metadata ([[Processing levels|Processing level]] 0) are not accepted in PANGAEA. Raw data with their metadata (Processing level 1) may be accepted under certain circumstances and should be accompanied with their primary/validated data.

'''Sequence data''': PANGAEA does not archive molecular sequence data, but will accept related (meta)data and create cross-links to, e.g., the [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/about European Nucleotide Archive] (ENA). For more information, please read: [[Molecular data in PANGAEA]]. If your molecular data are accompanied by environmental parameters, we recommend that you submit your data to [https://www.gfbio.org/ GFBio's] free and [https://submissions.gfbio.org/ multidisciplinary publication service].

'''Model data''': Many, but not all, types of model and simulation data will no longer be accepted for publication. Please read more about our definitions, explanations and restrictions in our corresponding Wiki article "[[Model data and PANGAEA]]". Data outputs from models that are entirely based on algorithms and (process) generalizations and do not have a concrete (and clearly specifiable) spatial reference to field observations, will not be accepted by PANGAEA. For climate modeling/simulation data, the World Data Center for Climate (WDCC), operated by the German Climate Computing Center ([https://www.dkrz.de/en/services/data-publication DKRZ]), provides an established long-term archiving and publication service.

'''Software/Code''': PANGAEA is not a suitable platform to publish software. In general, we recommend storing and managing software products or any kind of scripts and code on specialized platforms such as [https://github.com/ GitHub] in combination with versioned publishing in e.g. [https://zenodo.org Zenodo]. Zenodo provides persistant identifiers which can be cross-linked to your dataset published in PANGAEA. This is the preferred method to combine PANGAEA datasets and relevant versions of code.

'''Other formats''': Data presented exclusively as plots/figures, standalone PDF or MS Word documents will not be published. Tables in device-specific (e.g. CTD sensor output) or proprietary formats such as Matlab .mat files and [https://cran.r-project.org/ R-files] or other program-specific formats will not be accepted for publication. The same applies to topic/community-specific formats, which cannot be reused with open source software. These file types require transformation into accepted file formats (see our wiki article [[Format|Data types and formats]]).

===Usual turn-over times, timelines and publishing options===

Depending on the extent and complexity of your data submission the editorial process and minting of DOI names for submissions, not affiliated with our hosting institutions MARUM or AWI, to project and institutional partners (our front offices) may take up to several months. Temporary access keys for journal reviewers can be provided once our (initial formal and subsequent in-depth) review stages have been completed and the data have been successfully ingested into the PANGAEA system. Usually this takes 6-8 weeks after the initial acceptance of the submission for publication. A data citation including the DOI is created at the very end of the curation workflow. Therefore, we strongly recommend submitting data as early as possible so that the respective citation and DOI can be generated in time to be included in your scholarly publications. To gain higher processing priority, PANGAEA is open to project- and institutional cooperations including human ressources.

Regarding (optional) associated moratoria and updates to data during the paper publication process, we offer several options for data publications:
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dataset option for moratorium and open access
|-
! No !! Dataset options !! Status !! DOI
|-
| 1 || In review & access restricted || Dataset is open for corrections, citation is preliminary, metadata are available to the public, data not available to the public (e.g. during article review) || DOI not registered, changes/updates in metadata and data possible
|-
| 2 || In review & no access restriction || Dataset is open for corrections, citation is preliminary, metadata and data already available to the public (e.g. public review) || DOI not registered, changes/updates in metadata and data possible
|-
| 3 || Published & access restricted || Dataset is final and fully citable, metadata are available to the public, data not yet available to the public (moratorium) || DOI registered, no more changes except for information regarding your paper publication
|-
| 4 || Published & no access restriction || Dataset is final and fully citable, metadata and data are open access under the CC0 and CC-BY license, respectively || DOI registered, no more changes except for information regarding your paper publication
|}

==The editorial process==

[[File:Workflow.png|600px|thumb|right|Workflow overview of a data publication]]

The '''workflow''' for a [[data publication]] from source to publication is similar to the process established in the scientific literature (submission > review > editing > publication). The editorial process follows a two-step review procedure and is coordinated by the Editor-in-Chief and our Data [[Editor]]s. The workflow and communication of each data submission is documented and tracked through our ticket system.

The workflow is an interaction between the (corresponding) author and the editorial team and consists of 8 steps:
# '''Data submission''' - Authors submit their dataset and a contextual description of their dataset ([[metadata]]) using the [https://www.pangaea.de/submit/ submission online form]. They follow the guidelines provided in this document and, if necessary, project or institution specific data policies.
# '''Initial review''' - Editorial staff will review the submission to determine acceptance for further evaluation. Consultation with our expert editors may be part of this decision. The main focus of this review stage is to assess the scope and significance of the data submitted for publication with PANGAEA, to evaluate the data submission for completeness of metadata, and to assess the validity and format of the data provided. If the necessary requirements are not met, a reminder will be sent to the author.
# '''Acceptance/Rejection''' - Once the submission is considered complete and the dataset is accepted for publication in PANGAEA, the author will be notified via the ticket system and associated emails. If the submission does not meet the requirements of PANGAEA, it will be rejected. In this case, the author will be informed.
# '''Editorial Review''' - Once the submission is due for processing, it is assigned to an expert data editor. The editor thoroughly reviews the metadata and data for validity and plausibility. The editor will contact the author, if there are open questions about the submission. Please note: If the data and metadata do not meet PANGAEA's quality standards or the submitting author does not respond to the editors’ requests, the submission may be rejected.
# '''Processing/Data import''' - Data and metadata are prepared for import into the relational database, or for file archiving on our servers. During this process, the metadata and data are structurally harmonized and aligned with standardized terminologies. Submitted data can be reformatted by the editor to comply with the PANGAEA [[data model]]. This step may involve transposing, merging or splitting tables, adding metadata columns (such as official [[event]] labels and [[Geocode|geocodes]]), etc.. After import, the editor performs a final check of the dataset.
# '''Dataset proof''' - The editor sends a temporary link of the dataset landing page to the author(s) and asks for a proofread. The [[DOI]] is assigned, but not yet registered ("activated"). The dataset [[status]] is set to "in review" and data remains password protected at this stage (option #1 in the table above). Associated metadata is always open access (CC0 license).
# '''Corrections''' - Through an iterative process between author and editor, the dataset is edited until the final '''approval by the author'''.
# '''Publication''' - The dataset [[Status|status]] is set to "published"; the DOI will be activated four weeks after the final edits and will then be part of the official dataset [[Citation|citation]]. At the author's request, [[Password|password protection]] may be maintained (or set up) for a period of up a maximum of two years (option #3). Otherwise metadata and data are open access under the respective license (option #4). In case the dataset is under moratorium a temporary access link with an expiration date can be provided at the request of the author, e.g. to share the data with individuals or groups, such as co-authors or anonymous reviewers.

== Costs ==
Basic operations are covered by institutional and public funding, but in order to ensure high quality processing and archiving of new data, PANGAEA requires additional funding. In the case that the data are submitted as part of a project with funding available for publication costs (e.g. as part of the costs for [https://www.dfg.de/formulare/52_01/52_01_en.pdf Open Access publications at the DFG]), PANGAEA would appreciate a financial contribution of 500.– € (net) per data submission. Other forms of funded collaborations are highly appreciated (e.g. as project partner). Please [https://www.pangaea.de/contact/ contact us] for further information.

= III. Guidelines for data submission and formatting =
This chapter describes how to prepare your metadata and data for submission to PANGAEA. We recommend that you read these guides before submitting your data, and that you familiarize yourself with the PANGAEA publication style by reading about the scope of PANGAEA and by searching for and viewing datasets typical for your research field.

Please note that by registering to PANGAEA and by submitting data to PANGAEA you have agreed to our [https://www.pangaea.de/about/terms.php Terms of Use].

PANGAEA is an international data publisher, therefore we accept data submissions (including all data and metadata as well as any supplementary information) only in English, American English is preferred. All resulting publications and our communication with data authors will also be in English.

PANGAEA datasets are intended to be self-contained and self-explanatory, i.e. a potential user of the data should be able to judge the quality and suitability for re-use (fit-for-use/fit-for-purpose). Therefore, complete metadata describing the dataset comprehensively and according to the FAIR principles must be available.

For more guidance on how to properly prepare metadata and data please see the guidelines below and our [https://www.youtube.com/@pangaeadatapublisher video tutorials]. We also offer community workshops twice a year to support our users. The winter workshop focuses on data submission issues. The workshop usually held in early summer focuses on data search and (i.a. automated) access for re-use of PANGAEA publications. If you are interested, please subscribe to our training mailing list [https://lists.pangaea.de/listinfo/training here.]

==Prepare your data and metadata for submission - a step by step guide through our submission form==
All data must be submitted using our [https://www.pangaea.de/submit/ online submission form]. Data submitted by any other means will not be processed or passed on. If you have any questions or comments about your data submission, please use either the comment field in the online submission form (step 5) or our [https://www.pangaea.de/contact/ contact form.] You can also leave a comment in the submission ticket that is automatically created when you complete the form.

===A commented guide through the submission form===
====Step 1 - Basic information====
[[File:Submission 1 Basic.png|thumb|center|]]
* Title: Provide a dataset title that briefly describes what was measured, observed, or calculated, when, where, and how. The title must be independent of the title of the manuscript/paper.
* Authors: Lists all authors of the dataset. Use full names, not initials. Authors' names are case-sensitive, do not use all capital letters for last names (example: Roe, Jane). Please provide the correct e-mail address for each author, no duplicates. If there is really no email address no-reply@pangaea.de can be entered. Fill in the affiliation field (use full names, no abbreviations, ideally according to the [https://ror.org/ Research Organization Registry] (ROR)).
* Keywords: Provide suitable keywords
* Abstract: Add a dataset abstract that is independent of the manuscript/paper abstract. The abstract should provide a concise and method-oriented description of the observation or measurement, i.e. what, when, where, why and how the data was collected. The summary should consist of meaningful running text. The format of the dataset abstract is the same as for paper abstracts. We expect more than two sentences, and ideally the length should be limited to 5000 characters. Avoid including interpretations of the data. For further information please refer to the documentation on data [[Abstract|abstracts]] for PANGAEA.
* License: Select the appropriate license for your dataset. We recommend the [https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/cclicenses/ CC-BY 4.0] license option. Please read our [[License|wiki article]] to understand why.

====Step 2 - References====
[[File:Submission_2_References.png|thumb|center|]]
* References: Include all relevant references as full citations, not limited to a DOI including the manuscript(s) to which the data belong(s). Include any additional references mentioned in the data, methods or abstract. Include SOPs, processing or calibration reports, [https://registry.o2a-data.de/ AWI Registry] handles/links, or any other complementary documentation, if available.

====Step 3 - Projects and Grants====
[[File:Submission 3 Project.png|thumb|center|]]
* Projects: Provide names and references to related projects, grants and awards.

====Step 4 - Upload====
[[File:Submission 4 Upload.png|thumb|center|]]
* Upload: Upload your data files here. Please see below how to prepare your data files.
** More than 20 Files? → Please check the "Request upload link" box. You will receive an upload link within one to three days. Submissions containing more than 20 files may be rejected without further notice. Please replace spaces in file names before uploading.
** Files larger than 100 MB? → Please check the "Request upload link" box. Individual files must be less than 15 GB in size, but multiple files can be uploaded at the same time using the Uploader. Please replace any spaces in file names before uploading them.
* File description: This is where you describe your files. If your submission consists of more than one data table or dataset, please provide a title, authors, and abstract for each.

====Step 5 - Submit====
[[File:Submission 5 Submit.png|thumb|center]]
* Comment: Field for any request/comment for the PANGAEA editors
* Moratorium: Check, if you need a moratorium. If yes, please select the end date. The default is 6 months, if no end date is selected, the maximum is 2 years.
* Terms of Use: please read and accept our [https://www.pangaea.de/about/terms.php ToU.]

===Changes to submissions via our online form===
If you need to change or add metadata after submitting, please use the (blue) "Edit Metadata" button in the submission ticket only. The link will be sent to you automatically after you complete the form. Please note that for technical reasons direct edits in the description field of our ticket system are invalid and cannot be accepted. This is especially true for abstracts. Abstracts submitted as data files will not be considered.

== Requirements for the data files and their metadata ==
PANGAEA publishes data from earth and environmental science research in various [[Format|formats]]. Tabular data are the main focus of PANGAEA and should be prepared as TAB-delimited text-files in UTF-8 encoding, or (open) spreadsheet file formats (MS Excel .xlsx, OpenOffice & LibreOffice Calc .ods etc.). Please take a look at our [[Best practice manuals and templates|best practice manuals and templates]], which outline our requirements for relevant metadata and the structure of submitted data tables.

===Metadata about the data===
Data tables and data files are provided with metadata about the sampling/measuring stations or equipment, and the parameters/variables measured. The following list of meta-information is required for each data submission to PANGAEA.

* '''[[Campaign]]''': Were the samples or measurements relevant to your data collected during campaigns, expeditions, field trips or cruises? We subsume these under the label "Campaign", which is best described by the meta information listed below. We recommend using our template “Campaign” or the sheet "Campaign" in the excel file in our [[Best practice manuals and templates|templates]] to provide the following required information, if applicable:
** Campaign_Label, e.g. the respective cruise number
** Basis, e.g. the name of the ship, station, aircraft etc. Please leave this field blank, if no basis can be provided.
** Start date(/time) in ISO format and UTC, i.e.. YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss, UTC
** End date(/time) in ISO-format and UTC, i.e. YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss, UTC
** Responsible scientist(s)
** For ship expeditions start and end port
** For expeditions with German research vessels, please refer to the [https://www.pangaea.de/expeditions/ cruise inventory] and report information according to this list.

* '''[[Event]]''': An event refers to the sampling or measurement site or position for field observations, or the sampling location of organisms or media such as water used for experiments. Please refer to the [[event]] documentation for more details. Please use the text file “Event” or the sheet "Event" in the Excel workbook from our [[Best practice manuals and templates|templates]] whenever possible. Information that should be provided includes:
** Event_Label - refers to a representative short name or label for the station or locality of a sampling event. For data from expeditions with German research vessels please use the official event labels and station lists provided in the [https://www.pangaea.de/expeditions/ cruise inventory].
** Latitude and Longitude - considered mandatory event metadata both must be specified in decimal degrees and conform to WGS84 (positive for north, negative for south). For profiles, please provide start and end positions.
** [[Geocode|Elevation]] - the “[[Geocode|3<sup>rd</sup> geocode]]”. Please specify start and end elevations for profiles.
** Date/Time of sampling/measurement provided in ISO format (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) and in UTC. An additional column with local date/time may be provided. For profiles and time series, please provide start and end date/time.
** [[Method|Device or method]] used for sampling or the measurement
** Campaign, see above
** Any other event related information, e.g. mesh size of nets, core length of sediment and ice cores, International Generic Sample Number ([https://www.igsn.org/ IGSN]).

* '''[[Parameter|Parameters]]''': In PANGAEA, the measurement variables are referred to as parameters. Entries for parameters always require the full parameter name and its unit, if available. You can see the complete list of available parameters [https://www.pangaea.de/lists/parameter/all-byname here]. Please note that parameters may also include the medium (e.g. “Temperature, air” or “Temperature, water”) or other details for disambiguation purposes. Please provide additional information on parameters, e.g. the Principal Investigator and methods as a comment within the data submission, in an additional metadata text document or in the sheet “Parameters” of our Excel [[Best practice manuals and templates|template files]]. Information to be provided:
** Parameter names of the measured or determined entities given in full, not abbreviated.
** Unit (SI units are preferred)
** Include the [[Principle investigator|Principle Investigator]] (PI) for the measured parameters. The PI is the person being responsible for the acquisition and the scientific quality of the data or a data series.
** If applicable, identify the primary instrument used to measure each specific variable/parameter, preferably in the following standardized format: "Instrument type, Manufacturer, Model name". If you did not use an instrument, please provide the methodology used instead, preferably in the following (also standardized) format: "Method type according to Reference et al. (YYYY)". Further details on how to provide instrument or method information can be found in the [[Method|respective documentation]].

===How to prepare tabular Data:===
This section summarizes the formal and structural requirements for data in tabular form. Adherence to these requirements will significantly reduce the most time-consuming aspect of our editorial work and, thus, support our efforts to reduce the overall processing time for submissions to PANGAEA significantly. Significant deviations from these requirements are therefore likely to result in rejection of the submission.

'''Structure of tabular data:'''
[[File:Data tables.png|800px|thumb|right|]]
* Submit your tables as TAB-delimited text files (UTF-8 encoding), or as (open) spreadsheet files (e.g. Libreoffice Calc .ods or MS Excel .xlsx).
* The first column should always contain the event label, followed by columns with the [[Geocode|3<sup>rd</sup> geocode]] (e.g. height/depth) and/or sample IDs and sample information. These are followed by columns containing the measured variables (parameters). Each value in a row should refer to the event and the 3<sup>rd</sup> geocode specified in columns 1 and 2.
* The first row is reserved for the column headers, which contain the full parameter names including units in square brackets.
* Multiple tables with different structures should always be provided as separate data files.
* Please use our [[Best practice manuals and templates|template files]] whenever possible to report your data in the correct way.

===How to prepare [[Binary objects|binary files]]:===
* One data file: please provide a brief description of what is contained in the file (e.g. in the ‘File description’ field in Step 4 - “Upload” of our submission form).
* More than one data file: please include a summary table, provided as TAB-delimited text file (UTF-8 encoding) or spreadsheet including file names, a brief description of each file (< 255 characters including spaces) and corresponding [[Geocode|Geocodes]].
* Use filenames without spaces
* Request an upload link if you are submitting more than 20 files or files larger than 100 Mb (see Step 4 - “Upload” of our submission form). Individual files must be less than 15 GB in size.

==Additional information and useful links==

Frequently asked questions about data submission are listed here [[FAQ]].

Do you have questions about the status of your submission or the status of your submission? Please contact us via your submission ticket or via our [https://www.pangaea.de/contact/ contact form].

Authors Guides

2024-11-29T09:57:33Z

Sschumacher:

These guides provide essential information for data submitters and authors on how to prepare and submit their data for publication with PANGAEA. We recommend that you read the following information carefully before submitting data to us. These instructions includes the scope of PANGAEA, editorial criteria and processes, and preparation guides for metadata and data.

=I. Mission and Scope=

The information system PANGAEA is operated as an Open Access library aimed at archiving, publishing and distributing georeferenced data from earth and environmental science, compliant to our [https://www.pangaea.de/about/terms.php Terms of Use]. PANGAEA guarantees long-term availability of its content for at least 10 years (~75% is actually older than that). PANGAEA is open to any project, institution, or individual scientist to archive and publish research data.

PANGAEA focuses on georeferenced observational and experimental research data. Citability, comprehensive metadata descriptions, interoperability of data and metadata, a high degree of structural and semantic harmonization of the data inventory as well as the long-term commitment of the hosting institutions (AWI & MARUM) ensures the FAIRness ([https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18 Wilkinson et al., 2016]) of archived data both for use by humans and machines (i.e. tools and scripts, federated infrastructures, data portals and aggregators etc.).

Most of the data published on PANGAEA are freely available and can be used under the terms of the license mentioned on the dataset description. A few password-protected datasets are under moratorium due to ongoing projects. The metadata for all published datasets is always open-access under the [https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/cclicenses/ CC0 license] and includes the Principal Investigator (PI) who can be contacted for individual access.

Each dataset can be identified, shared, published and cited by the [[Citation|data citation]], which includes a Digital Object Identifier ([https://www.doi.org/index.html DOI]). PANGAEA also allows data to be published as supplements to science articles (example) or as citable data collections in combination with data journals such as Nature Scientific Data, Geoscience Data Journal, Earth System Science Data and others.

The PANGAEA data editorial ensures the integrity and authenticity as well as a high usability of your data. Archived data are machine readable and mirrored into our [[Data_warehouse|Data Warehouse]] which allows efficient compilations of data.

If you find PANGAEA useful for your work, please help us in maintaining our service by citing:

'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. Sci Data 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x

=II. Editorial Criteria and Processes=

==General Information==
PANGAEA is committed to publishing high quality datasets in maximum compliance with the FAIR Data Principles. During the publication process, data and metadata are checked for completeness and plausibility, and are structurally harmonized. This harmonization and standardization promotes a high degree of reusability and interoperability of the data stock and, among other things, supports the optimal readability and further processability of the data by machines and algorithms ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x Felden et al., 2023]). Following standardized procedures, the PANGAEA Editorial Team systematically reviews incoming data submissions and decides whether the submissions are sufficiently mature and of the appropriate quality to be published with PANGAEA. Data submissions that do not meet the scope and/or our quality requirements will be rejected.

Before submitting data to us, please check if there is a community-specific certified FAIR-data-repository for your data type. Community-specific data repositories may be able to better describe, represent and publish your type of data, or bring your data into a discipline-specific context. The repository search platform [https://www.re3data.org re3data] may be very helpful in this regard.

===Data types and file formats accepted by PANGAEA===
PANGAEA publishes primary/validated data from many fields of Earth and Environmental Science as well as Biodiversity research. This includes georeferenced observational (example: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.967645) and experimental data (example: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966520). PANGAEA is specialized in field observation and experimental data in two-dimensional tabular format with parameters/variables measured provided in columns.

Preferred formats for data are TAB-delimited text files in UTF-8 encoding, or (open) spreadsheet file formats (MS Excel .xlsx, OpenOffice & LibreOffice Calc .ods etc. - please see [[Format|the corresponding wiki article]] for more information). Example: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937808. Tables are not accepted as proprietary or encapsulated file types (e.g., Matlab files .mat or PDF files).

Binary objects such as NetCDF files, seismic data files (e.g. segy), photos/images and videos are also accepted as long as they are fully described with metadata. In order to follow the FAIR data principles and guarantee reusability for PANGAEA data publications, all such binary files must be usable with open source software. Example: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.936185

As an addition to numerical (or binary) data, supporting documentation on datasets can be archived and published (e.g. processing reports, instrument calibration protocols, standard operating procedures). These can be submitted as PDF/A, plain text or open document formats like RTF, ODF or MS Office documents (.docx, .xlsx). Links to such documentation already published elsewhere are also possible. In this case, please provide a complete reference.

=== Data types and formats PANGAEA does not accept (i.a. no longer) ===

'''Raw Data''': Raw data without metadata ([[Processing levels|Processing level]] 0) are not accepted in PANGAEA. Raw data with their metadata (Processing level 1) may be accepted under certain circumstances and should be accompanied with their primary/validated data.

'''Sequence data''': PANGAEA does not archive molecular sequence data, but will accept related (meta)data and create cross-links to, e.g., the [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/about European Nucleotide Archive] (ENA). For more information, please read: [[Molecular data in PANGAEA]]. If your molecular data are accompanied by environmental parameters, we recommend that you submit your data to [https://www.gfbio.org/ GFBio's] free and [https://submissions.gfbio.org/ multidisciplinary publication service].

'''Model data''': Many, but not all, types of model and simulation data will not be longer accepted for publication. Please read more about our constrains, definitions and explanations in our corresponding Wiki article. Data outputs from models that rely entirely on algorithms and (process) generalizations, and have no concrete (and clearly specifiable) spatial reference to field observations, will not be accepted by PANGAEA. For climate modeling/simulation data, the World Data Center for Climate (WDCC), run by the German Climate Computing Center ([https://www.dkrz.de/en/services/data-publication DKRZ]), provides an established long-term archival and publication service.

'''Software/Code''': PANGAEA is not a suitable platform to publish software. In general, we recommend storing and managing software products or any kind of scripts and code on specialized platforms such as [https://github.com/ GitHub] in combination with versioned publishing in e.g. [https://zenodo.org Zenodo]. Zenodo provides persistant identifiers which can be cross-linked to your dataset published in PANGAEA. This is the preferred method to combine PANGAEA datasets and relevant versions of code.

'''Other formats''': Data presented exclusively as plots/figures, standalone PDF or MS Word documents will not be published. Tables in device-specific (e.g. CTD sensor output) or proprietary formats such as Matlab .mat files and [https://cran.r-project.org/ R-files] or other program-specific formats will not be accepted for publication. The same applies to topic/community-specific formats, which cannot be reused with open source software. These file types require transformation into accepted file formats (see our wiki article [[Format|Data types and formats]]).

===Usual turn-over times, timelines and publishing options===

Depending on the extent and complexity of your data submission the editorial process and minting of DOI names for submissions, not affiliated with our hosting institutions MARUM or AWI, to project and institutional partners (our front offices) may take up to several months. Temporary access keys for journal reviewers can be provided once our (initial formal and subsequent in-depth) review stages have been completed and the data have been successfully ingested into the PANGAEA system. Usually this takes 6-8 weeks after the initial acceptance of the submission for publication. A data citation including the DOI is created at the very end of the curation workflow. Therefore, we strongly recommend submitting data as early as possible so that the respective citation and DOI can be generated in time to be included in your scholarly publications. To gain higher processing priority, PANGAEA is open to project- and institutional cooperations including human ressources.

Regarding (optional) associated moratoria and updates to data during the paper publication process, we offer several options for data publications:
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dataset option for moratorium and open access
|-
! No !! Dataset options !! Status !! DOI
|-
| 1 || In review & access restricted || Dataset is open for corrections, citation is preliminary, metadata are available to the public, data not available to the public (e.g. during article review) || DOI not registered, changes/updates in metadata and data possible
|-
| 2 || In review & no access restriction || Dataset is open for corrections, citation is preliminary, metadata and data already available to the public (e.g. public review) || DOI not registered, changes/updates in metadata and data possible
|-
| 3 || Published & access restricted || Dataset is final and fully citable, metadata are available to the public, data not yet available to the public (moratorium) || DOI registered, no more changes except for information regarding your paper publication
|-
| 4 || Published & no access restriction || Dataset is final and fully citable, metadata and data are open access under the CC0 and CC-BY license, respectively || DOI registered, no more changes except for information regarding your paper publication
|}

==The editorial process==

[[File:Workflow.png|600px|thumb|right|Workflow overview of a data publication]]

The '''workflow''' for a [[data publication]] from source to publication is similar to the process established in the scientific literature (submission > review > editing > publication). The editorial process follows a two-step review procedure and is coordinated by the Editor-in-Chief and our Data [[Editor]]s. The workflow and communication of each data submission is documented and tracked through our ticket system.

The workflow is an interaction between the (corresponding) author and the editorial team and consists of 8 steps:
# '''Data submission''' - Authors submit their dataset and a contextual description of their dataset ([[metadata]]) using the [https://www.pangaea.de/submit/ submission online form]. They follow the guidelines provided in this document and, if necessary, project or institution specific data policies.
# '''Initial review''' - Editorial staff will review the submission to determine acceptance for further evaluation. Consultation with our expert editors may be part of this decision. The main focus of this review stage is to assess the scope and significance of the data submitted for publication with PANGAEA, to evaluate the data submission for completeness of metadata, and to assess the validity and format of the data provided. If the necessary requirements are not met, a reminder will be sent to the author.
# '''Acceptance/Rejection''' - Once the submission is considered complete and the dataset is accepted for publication in PANGAEA, the author will be notified via the ticket system and associated emails. If the submission does not meet the requirements of PANGAEA, it will be rejected. In this case, the author will be informed.
# '''Editorial Review''' - Once the submission is due for processing, it is assigned to an expert data editor. The editor thoroughly reviews the metadata and data for validity and plausibility. The editor will contact the author, if there are open questions about the submission. Please note: If the data and metadata do not meet PANGAEA's quality standards or the submitting author does not respond to the editors’ requests, the submission may be rejected.
# '''Processing/Data import''' - Data and metadata are prepared for import into the relational database, or for file archiving on our servers. During this process, the metadata and data are structurally harmonized and aligned with standardized terminologies. Submitted data can be reformatted by the editor to comply with the PANGAEA [[data model]]. This step may involve transposing, merging or splitting tables, adding metadata columns (such as official [[event]] labels and [[Geocode|geocodes]]), etc.. After import, the editor performs a final check of the dataset.
# '''Dataset proof''' - The editor sends a temporary link of the dataset landing page to the author(s) and asks for a proofread. The [[DOI]] is assigned, but not yet registered ("activated"). The dataset [[status]] is set to "in review" and data remains password protected at this stage (option #1 in the table above). Associated metadata is always open access (CC0 license).
# '''Corrections''' - Through an iterative process between author and editor, the dataset is edited until the final '''approval by the author'''.
# '''Publication''' - The dataset [[Status|status]] is set to "published"; the DOI will be activated four weeks after the final edits and will then be part of the official dataset [[Citation|citation]]. At the author's request, [[Password|password protection]] may be maintained (or set up) for a period of up a maximum of two years (option #3). Otherwise metadata and data are open access under the respective license (option #4). In case the dataset is under moratorium a temporary access link with an expiration date can be provided at the request of the author, e.g. to share the data with individuals or groups, such as co-authors or anonymous reviewers.

== Costs ==
Basic operations are covered by institutional and public funding, but in order to ensure high quality processing and archiving of new data, PANGAEA requires additional funding. In the case that the data are submitted as part of a project with funding available for publication costs (e.g. as part of the costs for [https://www.dfg.de/formulare/52_01/52_01_en.pdf Open Access publications at the DFG]), PANGAEA would appreciate a financial contribution of 500.– € (net) per data submission. Other forms of funded collaborations are highly appreciated (e.g. as project partner). Please [https://www.pangaea.de/contact/ contact us] for further information.

= III. Guidelines for data submission and formatting =
This chapter describes how to prepare your metadata and data for submission to PANGAEA. We recommend that you read these guides before submitting your data, and that you familiarize yourself with the PANGAEA publication style by reading about the scope of PANGAEA and by searching for and viewing datasets typical for your research field.

Please note that by registering to PANGAEA and by submitting data to PANGAEA you have agreed to our [https://www.pangaea.de/about/terms.php Terms of Use].

PANGAEA is an international data publisher, therefore we accept data submissions (including all data and metadata as well as any supplementary information) only in English. All resulting publications and our communication with data authors will also be in English.

PANGAEA datasets are intended to be self-contained and self-explanatory, i.e. a potential user of the data should be able to judge the quality and suitability for re-use (fit-for-use/fit-for-purpose). Therefore, complete metadata describing the dataset comprehensively and according to the FAIR principles must be available.

For more guidance on how to properly prepare metadata and data please see the guidelines below and our [https://www.youtube.com/@pangaeadatapublisher video tutorials]. We also offer community workshops twice a year to support our users. The winter workshop focuses on data submission issues. The workshop usually held in early summer focuses on data search and (i.a. automated) access for re-use of PANGAEA publications. If you are interested, please subscribe to our training mailing list [https://lists.pangaea.de/listinfo/training here.]

==Prepare your data and metadata for submission - a step by step guide through our submission form==
All data must be submitted using our [https://www.pangaea.de/submit/ online submission form]. Data submitted by any other means will not be processed or passed on. If you have any questions or comments about your data submission, please use either the comment field in the online submission form (step 5) or our [https://www.pangaea.de/contact/ contact form.] You can also leave a comment in the submission ticket that is automatically created when you complete the form.

===A commented guide through the submission form===
====Step 1 - Basic information====
[[File:Submission 1 Basic.png|thumb|center|]]
* Title: Provide a dataset title that briefly describes what was measured, observed, or calculated, when, where, and how. The title must be independent of the title of the manuscript/paper.
* Authors: Lists all authors of the dataset. Use full names, not initials. Authors' names are case-sensitive, do not use all capital letters for last names (example: Roe, Jane). Please provide the correct e-mail address for each author, no duplicates. If there is really no email address no-reply@pangaea.de can be entered. Fill in the affiliation field (use full names, no abbreviations, ideally according to the [https://ror.org/ Research Organization Registry] (ROR)).
* Keywords: Provide suitable keywords
* Abstract: Add a dataset abstract that is independent of the manuscript/paper abstract. The abstract should provide a concise and method-oriented description of the observation or measurement, i.e. what, when, where, why and how the data was collected. The summary should consist of meaningful running text. The format of the dataset abstract is the same as for paper abstracts. We expect more than two sentences, and ideally the length should be limited to 5000 characters. Avoid including interpretations of the data. For further information please refer to the documentation on data [[Abstract|abstracts]] for PANGAEA.
* License: Select the appropriate license for your dataset. We recommend the [https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/cclicenses/ CC-BY 4.0] license option. Please read our [[License|wiki article]] to understand why.

====Step 2 - References====
[[File:Submission_2_References.png|thumb|center|]]
* References: Include all relevant references as full citations, not limited to a DOI including the manuscript(s) to which the data belong(s). Include any additional references mentioned in the data, methods or abstract. Include SOPs, processing or calibration reports, [https://registry.o2a-data.de/ AWI Registry] handles/links, or any other complementary documentation, if available.

====Step 3 - Projects and Grants====
[[File:Submission 3 Project.png|thumb|center|]]
* Projects: Provide names and references to related projects, grants and awards.

====Step 4 - Upload====
[[File:Submission 4 Upload.png|thumb|center|]]
* Upload: Upload your data files here. Please see below how to prepare your data files.
** More than 20 Files? → Please check the "Request upload link" box. You will receive an upload link within one to three days. Submissions containing more than 20 files may be rejected without further notice. Please replace spaces in file names before uploading.
** Files larger than 100 MB? → Please check the "Request upload link" box. Individual files must be less than 15 GB in size, but multiple files can be uploaded at the same time using the Uploader. Please replace any spaces in file names before uploading them.
* File description: This is where you describe your files. If your submission consists of more than one data table or dataset, please provide a title, authors, and abstract for each.

====Step 5 - Submit====
[[File:Submission 5 Submit.png|thumb|center]]
* Comment: Field for any request/comment for the PANGAEA editors
* Moratorium: Check, if you need a moratorium. If yes, please select the end date. The default is 6 months, if no end date is selected, the maximum is 2 years.
* Terms of Use: please read and accept our [https://www.pangaea.de/about/terms.php ToU.]

===Changes to submissions via our online form===
If you need to change or add metadata after submitting, please use the (blue) "Edit Metadata" button in the submission ticket only. The link will be sent to you automatically after you complete the form. Please note that for technical reasons direct edits in the description field of our ticket system are invalid and cannot be accepted. This is especially true for abstracts. Abstracts submitted as data files will not be considered.

== Requirements for the data files and their metadata ==
PANGAEA publishes data from earth and environmental science research in various [[Format|formats]]. Tabular data are the main focus of PANGAEA and should be prepared as TAB-delimited text-files in UTF-8 encoding, or (open) spreadsheet file formats (MS Excel .xlsx, OpenOffice & LibreOffice Calc .ods etc.). Please take a look at our [[Best practice manuals and templates|best practice manuals and templates]], which outline our requirements for relevant metadata and the structure of submitted data tables.

===Metadata about the data===
Data tables and data files are provided with metadata about the sampling/measuring stations or equipment, and the parameters/variables measured. The following list of meta-information is required for each data submission to PANGAEA.

* '''[[Campaign]]''': Were the samples or measurements relevant to your data collected during campaigns, expeditions, field trips or cruises? We subsume these under the label "Campaign", which is best described by the meta information listed below. We recommend using our template “Campaign” or the sheet "Campaign" in the excel file in our [[Best practice manuals and templates|templates]] to provide the following required information, if applicable:
** Campaign_Label, e.g. the respective cruise number
** Basis, e.g. the name of the ship, station, aircraft etc. Please leave this field blank, if no basis can be provided.
** Start date(/time) in ISO format and UTC, i.e.. YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss, UTC
** End date(/time) in ISO-format and UTC, i.e. YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss, UTC
** Responsible scientist(s)
** For ship expeditions start and end port
** For expeditions with German research vessels, please refer to the [https://www.pangaea.de/expeditions/ cruise inventory] and report information according to this list.

* '''[[Event]]''': An event refers to the sampling or measurement site or position for field observations, or the sampling location of organisms or media such as water used for experiments. Please refer to the [[event]] documentation for more details. Please use the text file “Event” or the sheet "Event" in the Excel workbook from our [[Best practice manuals and templates|templates]] whenever possible. Information that should be provided includes:
** Event_Label - refers to a representative short name or label for the station or locality of a sampling event. For data from expeditions with German research vessels please use the official event labels and station lists provided in the [https://www.pangaea.de/expeditions/ cruise inventory].
** Latitude and Longitude - considered mandatory event metadata both must be specified in decimal degrees and conform to WGS84 (positive for north, negative for south). For profiles, please provide start and end positions.
** [[Geocode|Elevation]] - the “[[Geocode|3<sup>rd</sup> geocode]]”. Please specify start and end elevations for profiles.
** Date/Time of sampling/measurement provided in ISO format (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) and in UTC. An additional column with local date/time may be provided. For profiles and time series, please provide start and end date/time.
** [[Method|Device or method]] used for sampling or the measurement
** Campaign, see above
** Any other event related information, e.g. mesh size of nets, core length of sediment and ice cores, International Generic Sample Number ([https://www.igsn.org/ IGSN]).

* '''[[Parameter|Parameters]]''': In PANGAEA, the measurement variables are referred to as parameters. Entries for parameters always require the full parameter name and its unit, if available. You can see the complete list of available parameters [https://www.pangaea.de/lists/parameter/all-byname here]. Please note that parameters may also include the medium (e.g. “Temperature, air” or “Temperature, water”) or other details for disambiguation purposes. Please provide additional information on parameters, e.g. the Principal Investigator and methods as a comment within the data submission, in an additional metadata text document or in the sheet “Parameters” of our Excel [[Best practice manuals and templates|template files]]. Information to be provided:
** Parameter names of the measured or determined entities given in full, not abbreviated.
** Unit (SI units are preferred)
** Include the [[Principle investigator|Principle Investigator]] (PI) for the measured parameters. The PI is the person being responsible for the acquisition and the scientific quality of the data or a data series.
** If applicable, identify the primary instrument used to measure each specific variable/parameter, preferably in the following standardized format: "Instrument type, Manufacturer, Model name". If you did not use an instrument, please provide the methodology used instead, preferably in the following (also standardized) format: "Method type according to Reference et al. (YYYY)". Further details on how to provide instrument or method information can be found in the [[Method|respective documentation]].

===How to prepare tabular Data:===
This section summarizes the formal and structural requirements for data in tabular form. Adherence to these requirements will significantly reduce the most time-consuming aspect of our editorial work and, thus, support our efforts to reduce the overall processing time for submissions to PANGAEA significantly. Significant deviations from these requirements are therefore likely to result in rejection of the submission.

'''Structure of tabular data:'''
[[File:Data tables.png|800px|thumb|right|]]
* Submit your tables as TAB-delimited text files (UTF-8 encoding), or as (open) spreadsheet files (e.g. Libreoffice Calc .ods or MS Excel .xlsx).
* The first column should always contain the event label, followed by columns with the [[Geocode|3<sup>rd</sup> geocode]] (e.g. height/depth) and/or sample IDs and sample information. These are followed by columns containing the measured variables (parameters). Each value in a row should refer to the event and the 3<sup>rd</sup> geocode specified in columns 1 and 2.
* The first row is reserved for the column headers, which contain the full parameter names including units in square brackets.
* Multiple tables with different structures should always be provided as separate data files.
* Please use our [[Best practice manuals and templates|template files]] whenever possible to report your data in the correct way.

===How to prepare binary files:===
* One data file: please provide a brief description of what is contained in the file (e.g. in the ‘File description’ field in Step 4 - “Upload” of our submission form).
* More than one data file: please include a summary table, provided as TAB-delimited text file (UTF-8 encoding) or spreadsheet including file names, a brief description of each file (< 255 characters including spaces) and corresponding [[Geocode|Geocodes]].
* Use filenames without spaces
* Request an upload link if you are submitting more than 20 files or files larger than 100 Mb (see Step 4 - “Upload” of our submission form).

==Additional information and useful links==

Frequently asked questions about data submission are listed here [[FAQ]].

Do you have questions about the status of your submission or the status of your submission? Please contact us via your submission ticket or via our [https://www.pangaea.de/contact/ contact form].

Authors Guides

2024-11-28T10:15:03Z

Sschumacher:

These guides provide essential information for data submitters and authors on how to prepare and submit their data for publication with PANGAEA. We recommend that you read the following information carefully before submitting data to us. These instructions includes the scope of PANGAEA, editorial criteria and processes, and preparation guides for metadata and data.

=I. Mission and Scope=

The information system PANGAEA is operated as an Open Access library aimed at archiving, publishing and distributing georeferenced data from earth and environmental science, complienat to our [https://www.pangaea.de/about/terms.php Terms of Use]. PANGAEA guarantees long-term availability of its content for at least 10 years (~75% is actually older than that). PANGAEA is open to any project, institution, or individual scientist to archive and publish research data.

PANGAEA focuses on georeferenced observational and experimental research data. Citability, comprehensive metadata descriptions, interoperability of data and metadata, a high degree of structural and semantic harmonization of the data inventory as well as the long-term commitment of the hosting institutions (AWI & MARUM) ensures the FAIRness ([https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18 Wilkinson et al., 2016]) of archived data both for use by humans and machines (i.e. tools and scripts, federated infrastructures, data portals and aggregators etc.).

Most of the data published on PANGAEA are freely available and can be used under the terms of the license mentioned on the dataset description. A few password-protected datasets are under moratorium due to ongoing projects. The metadata for all published datasets is always open-access under the [https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/cclicenses/ CC0 license] and includes the Principal Investigator (PI) who can be contacted for individual access.

Each dataset can be identified, shared, published and cited by the [[Citation|data citation]], which includes a Digital Object Identifier ([https://www.doi.org/index.html DOI]). PANGAEA also allows data to be published as supplements to science articles (example) or as citable data collections in combination with data journals such as Nature Scientific Data, Geoscience Data Journal, Earth System Science Data and others.

The PANGAEA data editorial ensures the integrity and authenticity as well as a high usability of your data. Archived data are machine readable and mirrored into our [[Data_warehouse|Data Warehouse]] which allows efficient compilations of data.

If you find PANGAEA useful for your work, please help us in maintaining our service by citing:

'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. Sci Data 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x

=II. Editorial Criteria and Processes=

==General Information==
PANGAEA is committed to publishing high quality datasets in maximum compliance with the FAIR Data Principles. During the publication process, data and metadata are checked for completeness and plausibility, and are structurally harmonized. This harmonization and standardization promotes a high degree of reusability and interoperability of the data stock and, among other things, supports the optimal readability and further processability of the data by machines and algorithms ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x Felden et al., 2023]). Following standardized procedures, the PANGAEA Editorial Team systematically reviews incoming data submissions and decides whether the submissions are sufficiently mature and of the appropriate quality to be published with PANGAEA. Data submissions that do not meet the scope and/or our quality requirements will be rejected.

Before submitting data to us, please check if there is a community-specific certified FAIR-data-repository for your data type. Community-specific data repositories may be able to better describe, represent and publish your type of data, or bring your data into a discipline-specific context. The repository search platform [https://www.re3data.org re3data] may be very helpful in this regard.

===Data types and file formats accepted by PANGAEA===
PANGAEA publishes primary/validated data from many fields of Earth and Environmental Science as well as Biodiversity research. This includes georeferenced observational (example: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.967645) and experimental data (example: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966520). PANGAEA is specialized in field observation and experimental data in two-dimensional tabular format with parameters/variables measured provided in columns.

Preferred formats for data are TAB-delimited text files in UTF-8 encoding, or (open) spreadsheet file formats (MS Excel .xlsx, OpenOffice & LibreOffice Calc .ods etc. - please see [[Format|the corresponding wiki article]] for more information). Example: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937808. Tables are not accepted as proprietary or encapsulated file types (e.g., Matlab files .mat or PDF files).

Binary objects such as NetCDF files, seismic data files (e.g. segy), photos/images and videos are also accepted as long as they are fully described with metadata. In order to follow the FAIR data principles and guarantee reusability for PANGAEA data publications, all such binary files must be usable with open source software. Example: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.936185

As an addition to numerical (or binary) data, supporting documentation on datasets can be archived and published (e.g. processing reports, instrument calibration protocols, standard operating procedures). These can be submitted as PDF/A, plain text or open document formats like RTF, ODF or MS Office documents (.docx, .xlsx). Links to such documentation already published elsewhere are also possible. In this case, please provide a complete reference.

=== Data types and formats PANGAEA does not accept (i.a. no longer) ===

'''Raw Data''': Raw data without metadata ([[Processing levels|Processing level]] 0) are not accepted in PANGAEA. Raw data with their metadata (Processing level 1) may be accepted under certain circumstances and should be accompanied with their primary/validated data.

'''Sequence data''': PANGAEA does not archive molecular sequence data, but will accept related (meta)data and create cross-links to, e.g., the [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/about European Nucleotide Archive] (ENA). For more information, please read: [[Molecular data in PANGAEA]]. If your molecular data are accompanied by environmental parameters, we recommend that you submit your data to [https://www.gfbio.org/ GFBio's] free and [https://submissions.gfbio.org/ multidisciplinary publication service].

'''Model data''': Many, but not all, types of model and simulation data will not be longer accepted for publication. Please read more about our constrains, definitions and explanations in our corresponding Wiki article. Data outputs from models that rely entirely on algorithms and (process) generalizations, and have no concrete (and clearly specifiable) spatial reference to field observations, will not be accepted by PANGAEA. For climate modeling/simulation data, the World Data Center for Climate (WDCC), run by the German Climate Computing Center ([https://www.dkrz.de/en/services/data-publication DKRZ]), provides an established long-term archival and publication service.

'''Software/Code''': PANGAEA is not a suitable platform to publish software. In general, we recommend storing and managing software products or any kind of scripts and code on specialized platforms such as [https://github.com/ GitHub] in combination with versioned publishing in e.g. [https://zenodo.org Zenodo]. Zenodo provides persitant identifiers which can be cross-linked to your dataset published in PANGAEA. This is the preferred method to combine PANGAEA datasets and relevant versions of code.

'''Other formats''': Data presented exclusively as plots/figures, standalone PDF or MS Word documents will not be published. Tables in device-specific (e.g. CTD sensor output) or proprietary formats such as Matlab .mat files and [https://cran.r-project.org/ R-files] or other program-specific formats will not be accepted for publication. The same applies to topic/community-specific formats, which cannot be reused with open source software. These file types require transformation into accepted file formats (see our wiki article [[Format|Data types and formats]]).

===Usual turn-over times, timelines and publishing options===

Depending on the extent and complexity of your data submission the editorial process and minting of DOI names for submissions, not affiliated with our hosting institutions MARUM or AWI, to project and institutional partners (our front offices) may take up to several months. Temporary access keys for journal reviewers can be provided once our (initial formal and subsequent in-depth) review stages have been completed and the data have been successfully ingested into the PANGAEA system. Usually this takes 6-8 weeks after the initial acceptance of the submission for publication. A data citation including the DOI is created at the very end of the curation workflow. Therefore, we strongly recommend submitting data as early as possible so that the respective citation and DOI can be generated in time to be included in your scholarly publications. To gain higher processing priority, PANGAEA is open to project- and institutional cooperations including human ressources.

Regarding (optional) associated moratoria and updates to data during the paper publication process, we offer several options for data publications:
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dataset option for moratorium and open access
|-
! No !! Dataset options !! Status !! DOI
|-
| 1 || In review & access restricted || Dataset is open for corrections, citation is preliminary, metadata are available to the public, data not available to the public (e.g. during article review) || DOI not registered, changes/updates in metadata and data possible
|-
| 2 || In review & no access restriction || Dataset is open for corrections, citation is preliminary, metadata and data already available to the public (e.g. public review) || DOI not registered, changes/updates in metadata and data possible
|-
| 3 || Published & access restricted || Dataset is final and fully citable, metadata are available to the public, data not yet available to the public (moratorium) || DOI registered, no more changes except for information regarding your paper publication
|-
| 4 || Published & no access restriction || Dataset is final and fully citable, metadata and data are open access under the CC0 and CC-BY license, respectively || DOI registered, no more changes except for information regarding your paper publication
|}

==The editorial process==

[[File:Workflow.png|600px|thumb|right|Workflow overview of a data publication]]

The '''workflow''' for a [[data publication]] from source to publication is similar to the process established in the scientific literature (submission > review > editing > publication). The editorial process follows a two-step review procedure and is coordinated by the Editor-in-Chief and our Data [[Editor]]s. The workflow and communication of each data submission is documented and tracked through our ticket system.

The workflow is an interaction between the (corresponding) author and the editorial team and consists of 8 steps:
# '''Data submission''' - Authors submit their dataset and a contextual description of their dataset ([[metadata]]) using the [https://www.pangaea.de/submit/ submission online form]. They follow the guidelines provided in this document and, if necessary, project or institution specific data policies.
# '''Initial review''' - Editorial staff will review the submission to determine acceptance for further evaluation. Consultation with our expert editors may be part of this decision. The main focus of this review stage is to assess the scope and significance of the data submitted for publication with PANGAEA, to evaluate the data submission for completeness of metadata, and to assess the validity and format of the data provided. If the necessary requirements are not met, a reminder will be sent to the author.
# '''Acceptance/Rejection''' - Once the submission is considered complete and the dataset is accepted for publication in PANGAEA, the author will be notified via the ticket system and associated emails. If the submission does not meet the requirements of PANGAEA, it will be rejected. In this case, the author will be informed.
# '''Editorial Review''' - Once the submission is due for processing, it is assigned to an expert data editor. The editor thoroughly reviews the metadata and data for validity and plausibility. The editor will contact the author, if there are open questions about the submission. Please note: If the data and metadata do not meet PANGAEA's quality standards or the submitting author does not respond to the editors’ requests, the submission may be rejected.
# '''Processing/Data import''' - Data and metadata are prepared for import into the relational database, or for file archiving on our servers. During this process, the metadata and data are structurally harmonized and aligned with standardized terminologies. Submitted data can be reformatted by the editor to comply with the PANGAEA [[data model]]. This step may involve transposing, merging or splitting tables, adding metadata columns (such as official [[event]] labels and [[Geocode|geocodes]]), etc.. After import, the editor performs a final check of the dataset.
# '''Dataset proof''' - The editor sends a temporary link of the dataset landing page to the author(s) and asks for a proofread. The [[DOI]] is assigned, but not yet registered ("activated"). The dataset [[status]] is set to "in review" and data remains password protected at this stage (option #1 in the table above). Associated metadata is always open access (CC0 license).
# '''Corrections''' - Through an iterative process between author and editor, the dataset is edited until the final '''approval by the author'''.
# '''Publication''' - The dataset [[Status|status]] is set to "published"; the DOI will be activated four weeks after the final edits and will then be part of the official dataset [[Citation|citation]]. At the author's request, [[Password|password protection]] may be maintained (or set up) for a period of up a maximum of two years (option #3). Otherwise metadata and data are open access under the respective license (option #4). In case the dataset is under moratorium a temporary access link with an expiration date can be provided at the request of the author, e.g. to share the data with individuals or groups, such as co-authors or anonymous reviewers.

== Costs ==
Basic operations are covered by institutional and public funding, but in order to ensure high quality processing and archiving of new data, PANGAEA requires additional funding. In the case that the data are submitted as part of a project with funding available for publication costs (e.g. as part of the costs for [https://www.dfg.de/formulare/52_01/52_01_en.pdf Open Access publications at the DFG]), PANGAEA would appreciate a financial contribution of 500.– € (net) per data submission. Other forms of funded collaborations are highly appreciated (e.g. as project partner). Please [https://www.pangaea.de/contact/ contact us] for further information.

= III. Guidelines for data submission and formatting =
This chapter describes how to prepare your metadata and data for submission to PANGAEA. We recommend that you read these guides before submitting your data, and that you familiarize yourself with the PANGAEA publication style by reading about the scope of PANGAEA and by searching for and viewing datasets typical for your research field.

Please note that by registering to PANGAEA and by submitting data to PANGAEA you have agreed to our [https://www.pangaea.de/about/terms.php Terms of Use].

PANGAEA is an international data publisher, therefore we accept data submissions (including all data and metadata as well as any supplementary information) only in English. All resulting publications and our communication with data authors will also be in English.

PANGAEA datasets are intended to be self-contained and self-explanatory, i.e. a potential user of the data should be able to judge the quality and suitability for re-use (fit-for-use/fit-for-purpose). Therefore, complete metadata describing the dataset comprehensively and according to the FAIR principles must be available.

For more guidance on how to properly prepare metadata and data please see the guidelines below and our [https://www.youtube.com/@pangaeadatapublisher video tutorials]. We also offer community community workshops twice a year to support our users. The winter workshop focuses on data submission issues. The workshop usually held in early summer focuses on data search and (i.a. automated) access for re-use of PANGAEA publications. If you are interested, please subscribe to our training mailing list [https://lists.pangaea.de/listinfo/training here.]

==Prepare your data and metadata for submission - a step by step guide through our submission form==
All data must be submitted using our [https://www.pangaea.de/submit/ online submission form]. Data submitted by any other means will not be processed or passed on. If you have any questions or comments about your data submission, please use either the comment field in the online submission form (step 5) or our [https://www.pangaea.de/contact/ contact form.] You can also leave a comment in the submission ticket that is automatically created when you complete the form.

===A commented guide through the submission form===
====Step 1 - Basic information====
[[File:Submission 1 Basic.png|thumb|center|]]
* Title: Provide a dataset title that briefly describes what was measured, observed, or calculated, when, where, and how. The title must be independent of the title of the manuscript/paper.
* Authors: Lists all authors of the dataset. Use full names, not initials. Authors' names are case-sensitive, do not use all capital letters for last names (example: Roe, Jane). Please provide the correct e-mail address for each author, no duplicates. If there is really no email address no-reply@pangaea.de can be entered. Fill in the affiliation field (use full names, no abbreviations, ideally according to the [https://ror.org/ Research Organization Registry] (ROR)).
* Keywords: Provide suitable keywords
* Abstract: Add a dataset abstract that is independent of the manuscript/paper abstract. The abstract should provide a concise and method-oriented description of the observation or measurement, i.e. what, when, where, why and how the data was collected. The summary should consist of meaningful running text. The format of the dataset abstract is the same as for paper abstracts. We expect more than two sentences, and ideally the length should be limited to 5000 characters. Avoid including interpretations of the data. For further information please refer to the documentation on data [[Abstract|abstracts]] for PANGAEA.
* License: Select the appropriate license for your dataset. We recommend the [https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/cclicenses/ CC-BY 4.0] license option. Please read our [[License|wiki article]] to understand why.

====Step 2 - References====
[[File:Submission_2_References.png|thumb|center|]]
* References: Include all relevant references as full citations, not limited to a DOI including the manuscript(s) to which the data belong(s). Include any additional references mentioned in the data, methods or abstract. Include SOPs, processing or calibration reports, [https://registry.o2a-data.de/ AWI Registry] handles/links, or any other complementary documentation, if available.

====Step 3 - Projects and Grants====
[[File:Submission 3 Project.png|thumb|center|]]
* Projects: Provide names and references to related projects, grants and awards.

====Step 4 - Upload====
[[File:Submission 4 Upload.png|thumb|center|]]
* Upload: Upload your data files here. Please see below how to prepare your data files.
** More than 20 Files? → Please check the "Request upload link" box. You will receive an upload link within one to three days. Submissions containing more than 20 files may be rejected without further notice. Please replace spaces in file names before uploading.
** Files larger than 100 MB? → Please check the "Request upload link" box. Individual files must be less than 15 GB in size, but multiple files can be uploaded at the same time using the Uploader. Please replace any spaces in file names before uploading them.
* File description: This is where you describe your files. If your submission consists of more than one data table or dataset, please provide a title, authors, and abstract for each.

====Step 5 - Submit====
[[File:Submission 5 Submit.png|thumb|center]]
* Comment: Field for any request/comment for the PANGAEA editors
* Moratorium: Check, if you need a moratorium. If yes, please select the end date. The default is 6 months, if no end date is selected, the maximum is 2 years.
* Terms of Use: please read and accept our [https://www.pangaea.de/about/terms.php ToU.]

===Changes to submissions via our online form===
If you need to change or add metadata after submitting, please use the (blue) "Edit Metadata" button in the submission ticket only. The link will be sent to you automatically after you complete the form. Please note that for technical reasons direct edits in the description field of our ticket system are invalid and cannot be accepted. This is especially true for abstracts. Abstracts submitted as data files will not be considered.

== Requirements for the data files and their metadata ==
PANGAEA publishes data from earth and environmental science research in various [[Format|formats]]. Tabular data are the main focus of PANGAEA and should be prepared as TAB-delimited text-files in UTF-8 encoding, or (open) spreadsheet file formats (MS Excel .xlsx, OpenOffice & LibreOffice Calc .ods etc.). Please take a look at our [[Best practice manuals and templates|best practice manuals and templates]], which outline our requirements for relevant metadata and the structure of submitted data tables.

===Metadata about the data===
Data tables and data files are provided with metadata about the sampling/measuring stations or equipment, and the parameters/variables measured. The following list of meta-information is required for each data submission to PANGAEA.

* '''[[Campaign]]''': Were the samples or measurements relevant to your data collected during campaigns, expeditions, field trips or cruises? We subsume these under the label "Campaign", which is best described by the meta information listed below. We recommend using our template “Campaign” or the sheet "Campaign" in the excel file in our [[Best practice manuals and templates|templates]] to provide the following required information, if applicable:
** Campaign_Label, e.g. the respective cruise number
** Basis, e.g. the name of the ship, station, aircraft etc. Please leave this field blank, if no basis can be provided.
** Start date(/time) in ISO format and UTC, i.e.. YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss, UTC
** End date(/time) in ISO-format and UTC, i.e. YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss, UTC
** Responsible scientist(s)
** For ship expeditions start and end port
** For expeditions with German research vessels, please refer to the [https://www.pangaea.de/expeditions/ cruise inventory] and report information according to this list.

* '''[[Event]]''': An event refers to the sampling or measurement site or position for field observations, or the sampling location of organisms or media such as water used for experiments. Please refer to the [[event]] documentation for more details. Please use the text file “Event” or the sheet "Event" in the Excel workbook from our [[Best practice manuals and templates|templates]] whenever possible. Information that should be provided includes:
** Event_Label - refers to a representative short name or label for the station or locality of a sampling event. For data from expeditions with German research vessels please use the official event labels and station lists provided in the [https://www.pangaea.de/expeditions/ cruise inventory].
** Latitude and Longitude - considered mandatory event metadata both must be specified in decimal degrees and conform to WGS84 (positive for north, negative for south). For profiles, please provide start and end positions.
** [[Geocode|Elevation]] - the “[[Geocode|3<sup>rd</sup> geocode]]”. Please specify start and end elevations for profiles.
** Date/Time of sampling/measurement provided in ISO format (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) and in UTC. An additional column with local date/time may be provided. For profiles and time series, please provide start and end date/time.
** [[Method|Device or method]] used for sampling or the measurement
** Campaign, see above
** Any other event related information, e.g. mesh size of nets, core length of sediment and ice cores, International Generic Sample Number ([https://www.igsn.org/ IGSN]).

* '''[[Parameter|Parameters]]''': In PANGAEA, the measurement variables are referred to as parameters. Entries for parameters always require the full parameter name and its unit, if available. You can see the complete list of available parameters [https://www.pangaea.de/lists/parameter/all-byname here]. Please note that parameters may also include the medium (e.g. “Temperature, air” or “Temperature, water”) or other details for disambiguation purposes. Please provide additional information on parameters, e.g. the Principal Investigator and methods as a comment within the data submission, in an additional metadata text document or in the sheet “Parameters” of our Excel [[Best practice manuals and templates|template files]]. Information to be provided:
** Parameter names of the measured or determined entities given in full, not abbreviated.
** Unit (SI units are preferred)
** Include the [[Principle investigator|Principle Investigator]] (PI) for the measured parameters. The PI is the person being responsible for the acquisition and the scientific quality of the data or a data series.
** If applicable, identify the primary instrument used to measure each specific variable/parameter, preferably in the following standardized format: "Instrument type, Manufacturer, Model name". If you did not use an instrument, please provide the methodology used instead, preferably in the following (also standardized) format: "Method type according to Reference et al. (YYYY)". Further details on how to provide instrument or method information can be found in the [[Method|respective documentation]].

===How to prepare tabular Data:===
This section summarizes the formal and structural requirements for data in tabular form. Adherence to these requirements will significantly reduce the most time-consuming aspect of our editorial work and, thus, support our efforts to reduce the overall processing time for submissions to PANGAEA significantly. Significant deviations from these requirements are therefore likely to result in rejection of the submission.

'''Structure of tabular data:'''
[[File:Data tables.png|800px|thumb|right|]]
* Submit your tables as TAB-delimited text files (UTF-8 encoding), or as (open) spreadsheet files (e.g. Libreoffice Calc .ods or MS Excel .xlsx).
* The first column should always contain the event label, followed by columns with the [[Geocode|3<sup>rd</sup> geocode]] (e.g. height/depth) and/or sample IDs and sample information. These are followed by columns containing the measured variables (parameters). Each value in a row should refer to the event and the 3<sup>rd</sup> geocode specified in columns 1 and 2.
* The first row is reserved for the column headers, which contain the full parameter names including units in square brackets.
* Multiple tables with different structures should always be provided as separate data files.
* Please use our [[Best practice manuals and templates|template files]] whenever possible to report your data in the correct way.

===How to prepare binary files:===
* One data file: please provide a brief description of what is contained in the file (e.g. in the ‘File description’ field in Step 4 - “Upload” of our submission form).
* More than one data file: please include a summary table, provided as TAB-delimited text file (UTF-8 encoding) or spreadsheet including file names, a brief description of each file (< 255 characters including spaces) and corresponding [[Geocode|Geocodes]].
* Use filenames without spaces
* Request an upload link if you are submitting more than 20 files or files larger than 100 Mb (see Step 4 - “Upload” of our submission form).

==Additional information and useful links==

Frequently asked questions about data submission are listed here [[FAQ]].

Do you have questions about the status of your submission or the status of your submission? Please contact us via your submission ticket or via our [https://www.pangaea.de/contact/ contact form].

Authors Guides

2024-11-28T10:14:47Z

Sschumacher:

These guides provide essential information for data submitters and authors on how to prepare and submit their data for publication with PANGAEA. We recommend that you read the following information carefully before submitting data to us. These instructions includes the scope of PANGAEA, editorial criteria and processes, and preparation guides for metadata and data.

=I. Mission and Scope=

The information system PANGAEA is operated as an Open Access library aimed at archiving, publishing and distributing georeferenced data from earth and environmental science, complienat to our [https://www.pangaea.de/about/terms.php Terms of Use]. PANGAEA guarantees long-term availability of its content for at least 10 years (~75% is actually older than that). PANGAEA is open to any project, institution, or individual scientist to archive and publish research data.

PANGAEA focuses on georeferenced observational and experimental research data. Citability, comprehensive metadata descriptions, interoperability of data and metadata, a high degree of structural and semantic harmonization of the data inventory as well as the long-term commitment of the hosting institutions (AWI & MARUM) ensures the FAIRness ([https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18 Wilkinson et al., 2016]) of archived data both for use by humans and machines (i.e. tools and scripts, federated infrastructures, data portals and aggregators etc.).

Most of the data published on PANGAEA are freely available and can be used under the terms of the license mentioned on the dataset description. A few password-protected datasets are under moratorium due to ongoing projects. The metadata for all published datasets is always open-access under the [https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/cclicenses/ CC0 license] and includes the Principal Investigator (PI) who can be contacted for individual access.

Each dataset can be identified, shared, published and cited by the [[Citation|data citation]], which includes a Digital Object Identifier ([https://www.doi.org/index.html DOI]). PANGAEA also allows data to be published as supplements to science articles (example) or as citable data collections in combination with data journals such as Nature Scientific Data, Geoscience Data Journal, Earth System Science Data and others.

The PANGAEA data editorial ensures the integrity and authenticity as well as a high usability of your data. Archived data are machine readable and mirrored into our [[Data_warehouse|Data Warehouse]] which allows efficient compilations of data.

If you find PANGAEA useful for your work, please help us in maintaining our service by citing:

'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. Sci Data 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x

=II. Editorial Criteria and Processes=

==General Information==
PANGAEA is committed to publishing high quality datasets in maximum compliance with the FAIR Data Principles. During the publication process, data and metadata are checked for completeness and plausibility, and are structurally harmonized. This harmonization and standardization promotes a high degree of reusability and interoperability of the data stock and, among other things, supports the optimal readability and further processability of the data by machines and algorithms ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x Felden et al., 2023]). Following standardized procedures, the PANGAEA Editorial Team systematically reviews incoming data submissions and decides whether the submissions are sufficiently mature and of the appropriate quality to be published with PANGAEA. Data submissions that do not meet the scope and/or our quality requirements will be rejected.

Before submitting data to us, please check if there is a community-specific certified FAIR-data-repository for your data type. Community-specific data repositories may be able to better describe, represent and publish your type of data, or bring your data into a discipline-specific context. The repository search platform [https://www.re3data.org re3data] may be very helpful in this regard.

===Data types and file formats accepted by PANGAEA===
PANGAEA publishes primary/validated data from many fields of Earth and Environmental Science as well as Biodiversity research. This includes georeferenced observational (example: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.967645) and experimental data (example: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966520). PANGAEA is specialized in field observation and experimental data in two-dimensional tabular format with parameters/variables measured provided in columns.

Preferred formats for data are TAB-delimited text files in UTF-8 encoding, or (open) spreadsheet file formats (MS Excel .xlsx, OpenOffice & LibreOffice Calc .ods etc. - please see [[Format|the corresponding wiki article]] for more information). Example: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937808. Tables are not accepted as proprietary or encapsulated file types (e.g., Matlab files .mat or PDF files).

Binary objects such as NetCDF files, seismic data files (e.g. segy), photos/images and videos are also accepted as long as they are fully described with metadata. In order to follow the FAIR data principles and guarantee reusability for PANGAEA data publications, all such binary files must be usable with open source software. Example: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.936185

As an addition to numerical (or binary) data, supporting documentation on datasets can be archived and published (e.g. processing reports, instrument calibration protocols, standard operating procedures). These can be submitted as PDF/A, plain text or open document formats like RTF, ODF or MS Office documents (.docx, .xlsx). Links to such documentation already published elsewhere are also possible. In this case, please provide a complete reference.

=== Data types and formats PANGAEA does not accept (i.a. no longer) ===

'''Raw Data''': Raw data without metadata ([[Processing levels|Processing level]] 0) are not accepted in PANGAEA. Raw data with their metadata (Processing level 1) may be accepted under certain circumstances and should be accompanied with their primary/validated data.

'''Sequence data''': PANGAEA does not archive molecular sequence data, but will accept related (meta)data and create cross-links to, e.g., the [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/about European Nucleotide Archive] (ENA). For more information, please read: [[Molecular data in PANGAEA]]. If your molecular data are accompanied by environmental parameters, we recommend that you submit your data to [https://www.gfbio.org/ GFBio's] free and [https://submissions.gfbio.org/ multidisciplinary publication service].

'''Model data''': Many, but not all, types of model and simulation data will not be longer accepted for publication. Please read more about our constrains, definitions and explanations in our corresponding Wiki article. Data outputs from models that rely entirely on algorithms and (process) generalizations, and have no concrete (and clearly specifiable) spatial reference to field observations, will not be accepted by PANGAEA. For climate modeling/simulation data, the World Data Center for Climate (WDCC), run by the German Climate Computing Center ([https://www.dkrz.de/en/services/data-publication DKRZ]), provides an established long-term archival and publication service.

'''Software/Code''': PANGAEA is not a suitable platform to publish software. In general, we recommend storing and managing software products or any kind of scripts and code on specialized platforms such as [https://github.com/ GitHub] in combination with versioned publishing in e.g. [https://zenodo.org Zenodo]. Zenodo provides persitant identifiers which can be cross-linked to your dataset published in PANGAEA. This is the preferred method to combine PANGAEA datasets and relevant versions of code.

'''Other formats''': Data presented exclusively as plots/figures, standalone PDF or MS Word documents will not be published. Tables in device-specific (e.g. CTD sensor output) or proprietary formats such as Matlab .mat files and [https://cran.r-project.org/ R-files] or other program-specific formats will not be accepted for publication. The same applies to topic/community-specific formats, which cannot be reused with open source software. These file types require transformation into accepted file formats (see our wiki article [[Format|Data types and formats]]).

===Usual turn-over times, timelines and publishing options===

Depending on the extent and complexity of your data submission the editorial process and minting of DOI names for submissions, not affiliated with our hosting institutions MARUM or AWI, to project and institutional partners (our front offices) may take up to several months. Temporary access keys for journal reviewers can be provided once our (initial formal and subsequent in-depth) review stages have been completed and the data have been successfully ingested into the PANGAEA system. Usually this takes 6-8 weeks after the initial acceptance of the submission for publication. A data citation including the DOI is created at the very end of the curation workflow. Therefore, we strongly recommend submitting data as early as possible so that the respective citation and DOI can be generated in time to be included in your scholarly publications. To gain higher processing priority, PANGAEA is open to project- and institutional cooperations including human ressources.

Regarding (optional) associated moratoria and updates to data during the paper publication process, we offer several options for data publications:
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dataset option for moratorium and open access
|-
! No !! Dataset options !! Status !! DOI
|-
| 1 || In review & access restricted || Dataset is open for corrections, citation is preliminary, metadata are available to the public, data not available to the public (e.g. during article review) || DOI not registered, changes/updates in metadata and data possible
|-
| 2 || In review & no access restriction || Dataset is open for corrections, citation is preliminary, metadata and data already available to the public (e.g. public review) || DOI not registered, changes/updates in metadata and data possible
|-
| 3 || Published & access restricted || Dataset is final and fully citable, metadata are available to the public, data not yet available to the public (moratorium) || DOI registered, no more changes except for information regarding your paper publication
|-
| 4 || Published & no access restriction || Dataset is final and fully citable, metadata and data are open access under the CC0 and CC-BY license, respectively || DOI registered, no more changes except for information regarding your paper publication
|}

==The editorial process==

[[File:Workflow.png|600px|thumb|right|Workflow overview of a data publication]]

The '''workflow''' for a [[data publication]] from source to publication is similar to the process established in the scientific literature (submission > review > editing > publication). The editorial process follows a two-step review procedure and is coordinated by the Editor-in-Chief and our Data [[Editor]]s. The workflow and communication of each data submission is documented and tracked through our ticket system.

The workflow is an interaction between the (corresponding) author and the editorial team and consists of 8 steps:
# '''Data submission''' - Authors submit their dataset and a contextual description of their dataset ([[metadata]]) using the [https://www.pangaea.de/submit/ submission online form]. They follow the guidelines provided in this document and, if necessary, project or institution specific data policies.
# '''Initial review''' - Editorial staff will review the submission to determine acceptance for further evaluation. Consultation with our expert editors may be part of this decision. The main focus of this review stage is to assess the scope and significance of the data submitted for publication with PANGAEA, to evaluate the data submission for completeness of metadata, and to assess the validity and format of the data provided. If the necessary requirements are not met, a reminder will be sent to the author.
# '''Acceptance/Rejection''' - Once the submission is considered complete and the dataset is accepted for publication in PANGAEA, the author will be notified via the ticket system and associated emails. If the submission does not meet the requirements of PANGAEA, it will be rejected. In this case, the author will be informed.
# '''Editorial Review''' - Once the submission is due for processing, it is assigned to an expert data editor. The editor thoroughly reviews the metadata and data for validity and plausibility. The editor will contact the author, if there are open questions about the submission. Please note: If the data and metadata do not meet PANGAEA's quality standards or the submitting author does not respond to the editors’ requests, the submission may be rejected.
# '''Processing/Data import''' - Data and metadata are prepared for import into the relational database, or for file archiving on our servers. During this process, the metadata and data are structurally harmonized and aligned with standardized terminologies. Submitted data can be reformatted by the editor to comply with the PANGAEA [[data model]]. This step may involve transposing, merging or splitting tables, adding metadata columns (such as official [[event]] labels and [[Geocode|geocodes]]), etc.. After import, the editor performs a final check of the dataset.
# '''Dataset proof''' - The editor sends a temporary link of the dataset landing page to the author(s) and asks for a proofread. The [[DOI]] is assigned, but not yet registered ("activated"). The dataset [[status]] is set to "in review" and data remains password protected at this stage (option #1 in the table above). Associated metadata is always open access (CC0 license).
# '''Corrections''' - Through an iterative process between author and editor, the dataset is edited until the final '''approval by the author'''.
# '''Publication''' - The dataset [[Status|status]] is set to "published"; the DOI will be activated four weeks after the final edits and will then be part of the official dataset [[Citation|citation]]. At the author's request, [[Password|password protection]] may be maintained (or set up) for a period of up a maximum of two years (option #3). Otherwise metadata and data are open access under the respective license (option #4). In case the dataset is under moratorium a temporary access link with an expiration date can be provided at the request of the author, e.g. to share the data with individuals or groups, such as co-authors or anonymous reviewers.

== Costs ==
Basic operations are covered by institutional and public funding, but in order to ensure high quality processing and archiving of new data, PANGAEA requires additional funding. In the case that the data are submitted as part of a project with funding available for publication costs (e.g. as part of the costs for [https://www.dfg.de/formulare/52_01/52_01_en.pdf Open Access publications at the DFG]), PANGAEA would appreciate a financial contribution of 500.– € (net) per data submission. Other forms of funded collaborations are highly appreciated (e.g. as project partner). Please [https://www.pangaea.de/contact/ contact us] for further information.

= III. Guidelines for data submission and formatting =
This chapter describes how to prepare your metadata and data for submission to PANGAEA. We recommend that you read these guides before submitting your data, and that you familiarize yourself with the PANGAEA publication style by reading about the scope of PANGAEA and by searching for and viewing datasets typical for your research field.

Please note that by registering to PANGAEA and by submitting data to PANGAEA you have agreed to our [https://www.pangaea.de/about/terms.php Terms of Use].

PANGAEA is an international data publisher, therefore we accept data submissions (including all data and metadata as well as any supplementary information) only in English. All resulting publications and our communication with data authors will also be in English.

PANGAEA datasets are intended to be self-contained and self-explanatory, i.e. a potential user of the data should be able to judge the quality and suitability for re-use (fit-for-use/fit-for-purpose). Therefore, complete metadata describing the dataset comprehensively and according to the FAIR principles must be available.

For more guidance on how to properly prepare metadata and data please see the guidelines below and our [https://www.youtube.com/@pangaeadatapublisher video tutorials]. We also offer community community workshops twice a year to support our users. The winter workshop focuses on data submission issues. The workshop usually held in early summer focuses on data search and (i.a. automated) access for re-use of PANGAEA publications. If you are interested, please subscribe to our training mailing list [https://lists.pangaea.de/listinfo/training here.]

==Prepare your data and metadata for submission - a step by step guide through our submission form==
All data must be submitted using our [https://www.pangaea.de/submit/ online submission form]. Data submitted by any other means will not be processed or passed on. If you have any questions or comments about your data submission, please use either the comment field in the online submission form (step 5) or our [https://www.pangaea.de/contact/ contact form.] You can also leave a comment in the submission ticket that is automatically created when you complete the form.

===A commented guide through the submission form===
====Step 1 - Basic information====
[[File:Submission 1 Basic.png|thumb|center|]]
* Title: Provide a dataset title that briefly describes what was measured, observed, or calculated, when, where, and how. The title must be independent of the title of the manuscript/paper.
* Authors: Lists all authors of the dataset. Use full names, not initials. Authors' names are case-sensitive, do not use all capital letters for last names (example: Roe, Jane). Please provide the correct e-mail address for each author, no duplicates. If there is really no email address no-reply@pangaea.de can be entered. Fill in the affiliation field (use full names, no abbreviations, ideally according to the [https://ror.org/ Research Organization Registry] (ROR)).
* Keywords: Provide suitable keywords
* Abstract: Add a dataset abstract that is independent of the manuscript/paper abstract. The abstract should provide a concise and method-oriented description of the observation or measurement, i.e. what, when, where, why and how the data was collected. The summary should consist of meaningful running text. The format of the dataset abstract is the same as for paper abstracts. We expect more than two sentences, and ideally the length should be limited to 5000 characters. Avoid including interpretations of the data. For further information please refer to the documentation on data [[Abstract|abstracts]] for PANGAEA.
* License: Select the appropriate license for your dataset. We recommend the [https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/cclicenses/ CC-BY 4.0] license option. Please read our [[License|wiki article]] to understand why.

====Step 2 - References====
[[File:Submission_2_References.png|thumb|center|]]
* References: Include all relevant references as full citations, not limited to a DOI including the manuscript(s) to which the data belong(s). Include any additional references mentioned in the data, methods or abstract. Include SOPs, processing or calibration reports, [https://registry.o2a-data.de/ AWI Registry] handles/links, or any other complementary documentation, if available.

====Step 3 - Projects and Grants====
[[File:Submission 3 Project.png|thumb|center|]]
* Projects: Provide names and references to related projects, grants and awards.

====Step 4 - Upload====
[[File:Submission 4 Upload.png|thumb|center|]]
* Upload: Upload your data files here. Please see below how to prepare your data files.
** More than 20 Files? → Please check the "Request upload link" box. You will receive an upload link within one to three days. Submissions containing more than 20 files may be rejected without further notice. Please replace spaces in file names before uploading.
** Files larger than 100 MB? → Please check the "Request upload link" box. Individual files must be less than 15 GB in size, but multiple files can be uploaded at the same time using the Uploader. Please replace any spaces in file names before uploading them.
* File description: This is where you describe your files. If your submission consists of more than one data table or dataset, please provide a title, authors, and abstract for each.

====Step 5 - Submit====
[[File:Submission 5 Submit.png|thumb|center]]
* Comment: Field for any request/comment for the PANGAEA editors
* Moratorium: Check, if you need a moratorium. If yes, please select the end date. The default is 6 months, if no end date is selected, the maximum is 2 years.
* Terms of Use: please read and accept our [https://www.pangaea.de/about/terms.php ToU.]

===Changes to submissions via our online form===
If you need to change or add metadata after submitting, please use the (blue) "Edit Metadata" button in the submission ticket only. The link will be sent to you automatically after you complete the form. Please note that for technical reasons direct edits in the description field of our ticket system are invalid and cannot be accepted. This is especially true for abstracts. Abstracts submitted as data files will not be considered.

== Requirements for the data files and their metadata ==
PANGAEA publishes data from earth and environmental science research in various [[Format|formats]]. Tabular data are the main focus of PANGAEA and should be prepared as TAB-delimited text-files in UTF-8 encoding, or (open) spreadsheet file formats (MS Excel .xlsx, OpenOffice & LibreOffice Calc .ods etc.). Please take a look at our [[Best practice manuals and templates|best practice manuals and templates]], which outline our requirements for relevant metadata and the structure of submitted data tables.

===Metadata about the data===
Data tables and data files are provided with metadata about the sampling/measuring stations or equipment, and the parameters/variables measured. The following list of meta-information is required for each data submission to PANGAEA.

* '''[[Campaign]]''': Were the samples or measurements relevant to your data collected during campaigns, expeditions, field trips or cruises? We subsume these under the label "Campaign", which is best described by the meta information listed below. We recommend using our template “Campaign” or the sheet "Campaign" in the excel file in our [[Best practice manuals and templates|templates]] to provide the following required information, if applicable:
** Campaign_Label, e.g. the respective cruise number
** Basis, e.g. the name of the ship, station, aircraft etc. Please leave this field blank, if no basis can be provided.
** Start date(/time) in ISO format and UTC, i.e.. YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss, UTC
** End date(/time) in ISO-format and UTC, i.e. YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss, UTC
** Responsible scientist(s)
** For ship expeditions start and end port
** For expeditions with German research vessels, please refer to the [https://www.pangaea.de/expeditions/ cruise inventory] and report information according to this list.

* '''[[Event]]''': An event refers to the sampling or measurement site or position for field observations, or the sampling location of organisms or media such as water used for experiments. Please refer to the [[event]] documentation for more details. Please use the text file “Event” or the sheet "Event" in the Excel workbook from our [[Best practice manuals and templates|templates]] whenever possible. Information that should be provided includes:
** Event_Label - refers to a representative short name or label for the station or locality of a sampling event. For data from expeditions with German research vessels please use the official event labels and station lists provided in the [https://www.pangaea.de/expeditions/ cruise inventory].
** Latitude and Longitude - considered mandatory event metadata both must be specified in decimal degrees and conform to WGS84 (positive for north, negative for south). For profiles, please provide start and end positions.
** [[Geocode|Elevation]] - the “[[Geocode|3<sup>rd</sup> geocode]]”. Please specify start and end elevations for profiles.
** Date/Time of sampling/measurement provided in ISO format (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) and in UTC. An additional column with local date/time may be provided. For profiles and time series, please provide start and end date/time.
** [[Method|Device or method]] used for sampling or the measurement
** Campaign, see above
** Any other event related information, e.g. mesh size of nets, core length of sediment and ice cores, International Generic Sample Number ([https://www.igsn.org/ IGSN]).

* '''[[Parameter|Parameters]]''': In PANGAEA, the measurement variables are referred to as parameters. Entries for parameters always require the full parameter name and its unit, if available. You can see the complete list of available parameters [https://www.pangaea.de/lists/parameter/all-byname here]. Please note that parameters may also include the medium (e.g. “Temperature, air” or “Temperature, water”) or other details for disambiguation purposes. Please provide additional information on parameters, e.g. the Principal Investigator and methods as a comment within the data submission, in an additional metadata text document or in the sheet “Parameters” of our Excel [[Best practice manuals and templates|template files]]. Information to be provided:
** Parameter names of the measured or determined entities given in full, not abbreviated.
** Unit (SI units are preferred)
** Include the [[Principle investigator|Principle Investigator]] (PI) for the measured parameters. The PI is the person being responsible for the acquisition and the scientific quality of the data or a data series.
** If applicable, identify the primary instrument used to measure each specific variable/parameter, preferably in the following standardized format: "Instrument type, Manufacturer, Model name". If you did not use an instrument, please provide the methodology used instead, preferably in the following (also standardized) format: "Method type according to Reference et al. (YYYY)". Further details on how to provide instrument or method information can be found in the [[Method|respective documentation]].

===How to prepare tabular Data:===
This section summarizes the formal and structural requirements for data in tabular form. Adherence to these requirements will significantly reduce the most time-consuming aspect of our editorial work and, thus, support our efforts to reduce the overall processing time for submissions to PANGAEA significantly. Significant deviations from these requirements are therefore likely to result in rejection of the submission.

'''Structure of tabular data:'''
[[File:Data tables.png|800px|thumb|right|]]
* Submit your tables as TAB-delimited text files (UTF-8 encoding), or as (open) spreadsheet files (e.g. Libreoffice Calc .ods or MS Excel .xlsx).
* The first column should always contain the event label, followed by columns with the [[Geocode|3<sup>rd</sup> geocode]] (e.g. height/depth) and/or sample IDs and sample information. These are followed by columns containing the measured variables (parameters). Each value in a row should refer to the event and the 3<sup>rd</sup> geocode specified in columns 1 and 2.
* The first row is reserved for the column headers, which contain the full parameter names including units in square brackets.
* Multiple tables with different structures should always be provided as separate data files.
* Please use our [[Best practice manuals and templates|template files]] whenever possible to report your data in the correct way.

===How to prepare binary files:===
* One data file: please provide a brief description of what is contained in the file (e.g. in the ‘File description’ field in Step 4 - “Upload” of our submission form).
* More than one data file: please include a summary table, provided as TAB-delimited text file (UTF-8 encoding) or spreadsheet including file names, a brief description of each file (< 255 characters including spaces) and corresponding [[Geocode|Geocodes]].
* Use filenames without spaces
* Request an upload link if you are submitting more than 20 files or files larger than 100 Mb (see Step 4 - “Upload” of our submission form).

==Additional information and useful links==

Frequently asked questions about data submission are listed here [[FAQ]]

Do you have questions about the status of your submission or the status of your submission? Please contact us via your submission ticket or via our [https://www.pangaea.de/contact/ contact form].

Main Page

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[[Image:PANGAEA_Wiki.png|right|70px]]
</div><div style="padding:10px;">

This wiki is a dynamic manual and reference for the data library '''PANGAEA® - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science'''. https://www.pangaea.de/ [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]

The '''{{SITENAME}}''' is operated to support PANGAEA data providers and end-users in archiving, publishing and retrieving data. It is a reference & documentation user-guide for any questions and information related to PANGAEA and its operation. For the details of our data processing and publication please refer and cite our most recent '''PANGAEA publication''': Felden, J; Möller, L; Schindler, U; Huber, R; Schumacher, S; Koppe, R; Diepenbroek, M; Glöckner, FO (2023): PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. Scientific Data, 10(1), 347, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x

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<h2 style="background-color:#3ba39b; font-weight:bold; color:white; padding:0.3em 1em; margin:1em 0; font-size:inherit; text-align:center"> PANGAEA IN BRIEF</h2>
</div><div style="padding:10px;">
* [https://www.pangaea.de/about/ About] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]] [[Image:PANGAEA_main_page_short_info2.png|right|60px]]
* [https://www.pangaea.de/about/terms.php Terms of use] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]
* [https://www.pangaea.de/about/privacypolicy.php Privacy Policy] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]
* [https://www.pangaea.de/contact/ Support/Contact] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]
* [https://www.pangaea.de/about/team.php/ Team] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]

</div></div>
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<h2 style="background-color:#3ba39b; font-weight:bold; color:white; padding:0.3em 1em; margin:1em 0; font-size:inherit; text-align:center"> DATA SUBMISSION</h2>

</div><div style="padding:10px;">
For information on how data submission to PANGAEA works, [[Image:PANGAEA_main_page_FAIR_A_.png|right|60px]] <br />
what to do & and how to prepare your data please read our ''' [[Authors Guides]]'''.

Research field specific '''[[Best practice manuals and templates]]'''

[https://www.pangaea.de/submit/ To submit data, please go to '''Data submission page'''] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bJfSuAukTQ Also watch our '''Video'''] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]

</div></div>

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<h2 style="background-color:#3ba39b; font-weight:bold; color:white; padding:0.3em 1em; margin:1em 0; font-size:inherit; text-align:center"> DATA SEARCH </h2>
</div><div style="padding:10px;">
* [[PANGAEA Search]] [[Image:PANGAEA main page FAIR F_.jpg|right|60px]]
* [[PANGAEA XML schema]]

</div></div>
|-
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<div style="padding:0px 10px;>

<h2 style="background-color:#3ba39b; font-weight:bold; color:white; padding:0.3em 1em; margin:1em 0; font-size:inherit; text-align:center"> PANGAEA IN DETAIL </h2>
</div><div style="padding:10px;">

* [[FAQ]] [[Image:PANGAEA_main_page_long_info2.png|right|45px]]
* Further [[PANGAEA]] details
* [[Data policy]]
* PANGAEA [[Data model]]
* [[Editor]] role and task
* Dataset [[Status|Status and registration status]]
* [[Citation]] of data published in PANGAEA
*[[Data Usage Statistics]]

</div></div>
|style="vertical-align:top;"|
<div style="margin:10px;border:1px solid #90B390;">
<div style="padding:0px 10px;>

<h2 style="background-color:#3ba39b; font-weight:bold; color:white; padding:0.3em 1em; margin:1em 0; font-size:inherit; text-align:center"> MISCELLANEOUS </h2>

</div><div style="padding:10px;">
* [https://www.pangaea.de/news/ News] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]] [[Image:PANGAEA_main_page_mix2.png|right|70px]]
* [https://www.pangaea.de/about/jobs.php Open positions] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]
* [https://www.pangaea.de/expeditions/ Research Vessel expedition archive] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]
* [https://www.pangaea.de/projects/ Project data catalogue] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]
* [[Station lists]] (German research vessels)
* PANGAEA [https://store.pangaea.de/corporate-design/logos/ Logos]

</div></div>
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<div style="margin:10px;border:1px solid #90B390;">
<div style="padding:0px 10px;">

<h2 style="background-color:#3ba39b; font-weight:bold; color:white; padding:0.3em 1em; margin:1em 0; font-size:inherit; text-align:center"> ADVANCED SEARCH, INTEROPERABILITY AND SERVICES</h2>
</div><div style="padding:10px;">
* [https://www.pangaea.de/about/services.php Interoperability and Services] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]] [[Image:PANGAEA main page FAIR I_.jpg|right|70px]]
* [https://www.pangaea.de/tools/ Tools] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]
* [http://ws.pangaea.de/ Web services] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]

* [[Export]]
* [[Data warehouse]]
* [[RSS]]
* [[Technology]]
* [[OAI-PMH]]
* [[GIS|GIS visualization]]
* [[PANGAEA_Bathymetry_Web_Map_Services|PANGAEA Bathymetry Web Map Services]]
</div></div>


|}

Main Page

2024-11-28T10:12:58Z

Sschumacher:

__NOTOC__

{| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0 px"
|-
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<h1 style="background-color:#3ba39b; font-size: 30px; font-weight:bold; color:white; padding:0.3em 1em; margin:1em 0; text-align:center">{{SITENAME}}</h1>
[[Image:PANGAEA_Wiki.png|right|70px]]
</div><div style="padding:10px;">

This wiki is a dynamic manual and reference for the data library '''PANGAEA® - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science'''. https://www.pangaea.de/ [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]

The '''{{SITENAME}}''' is operated to support PANGAEA data providers and end-users in archiving, publishing and retrieving data. It is a reference & documentation user-guide for any questions and information related to PANGAEA and its operation. For the details of our data processing and publication please refer and cite our most recent '''PANGAEA publication''': Felden, J; Möller, L; Schindler, U; Huber, R; Schumacher, S; Koppe, R; Diepenbroek, M; Glöckner, FO (2023): PANGAEA – Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. Scientific Data, 10(1), 347, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x

</div></div>
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{| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"

|-
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<h2 style="background-color:#3ba39b; font-weight:bold; color:white; padding:0.3em 1em; margin:1em 0; font-size:inherit; text-align:center"> PANGAEA IN BRIEF</h2>
</div><div style="padding:10px;">
* [https://www.pangaea.de/about/ About] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]] [[Image:PANGAEA_main_page_short_info2.png|right|60px]]
* [https://www.pangaea.de/about/terms.php Terms of use] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]
* [https://www.pangaea.de/about/privacypolicy.php Privacy Policy] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]
* [https://www.pangaea.de/contact/ Support/Contact] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]
* [https://www.pangaea.de/about/team.php/ Team] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]

</div></div>
| width="33%" style="vertical-align:top;" |
<div style="margin:10px;border:1px solid #90B390;">
<div style="padding:0px 10px;>

<h2 style="background-color:#3ba39b; font-weight:bold; color:white; padding:0.3em 1em; margin:1em 0; font-size:inherit; text-align:center"> DATA SUBMISSION</h2>

</div><div style="padding:10px;">
For information on how data submission to PANGAEA works, [[Image:PANGAEA_main_page_FAIR_A_.png|right|60px]] <br />
what to do & and how to prepare your data please read ''' [[Authors Guides]]'''.

Research field specific '''[[Best practice manuals and templates]]'''

[https://www.pangaea.de/submit/ To submit data, please go to '''Data submission page'''] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bJfSuAukTQ Also watch our '''Video'''] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]

</div></div>

| width="33%" style="vertical-align:top;" |
<div style="margin:10px;border:1px solid #90B390;">
<div style="padding:0px 10px;>

<h2 style="background-color:#3ba39b; font-weight:bold; color:white; padding:0.3em 1em; margin:1em 0; font-size:inherit; text-align:center"> DATA SEARCH </h2>
</div><div style="padding:10px;">
* [[PANGAEA Search]] [[Image:PANGAEA main page FAIR F_.jpg|right|60px]]
* [[PANGAEA XML schema]]

</div></div>
|-
| width="33%" style="vertical-align:top;" |
<div style="margin:10px;border:1px solid #90B390;">
<div style="padding:0px 10px;>

<h2 style="background-color:#3ba39b; font-weight:bold; color:white; padding:0.3em 1em; margin:1em 0; font-size:inherit; text-align:center"> PANGAEA IN DETAIL </h2>
</div><div style="padding:10px;">

* [[FAQ]] [[Image:PANGAEA_main_page_long_info2.png|right|45px]]
* Further [[PANGAEA]] details
* [[Data policy]]
* PANGAEA [[Data model]]
* [[Editor]] role and task
* Dataset [[Status|Status and registration status]]
* [[Citation]] of data published in PANGAEA
*[[Data Usage Statistics]]

</div></div>
|style="vertical-align:top;"|
<div style="margin:10px;border:1px solid #90B390;">
<div style="padding:0px 10px;>

<h2 style="background-color:#3ba39b; font-weight:bold; color:white; padding:0.3em 1em; margin:1em 0; font-size:inherit; text-align:center"> MISCELLANEOUS </h2>

</div><div style="padding:10px;">
* [https://www.pangaea.de/news/ News] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]] [[Image:PANGAEA_main_page_mix2.png|right|70px]]
* [https://www.pangaea.de/about/jobs.php Open positions] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]
* [https://www.pangaea.de/expeditions/ Research Vessel expedition archive] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]
* [https://www.pangaea.de/projects/ Project data catalogue] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]
* [[Station lists]] (German research vessels)
* PANGAEA [https://store.pangaea.de/corporate-design/logos/ Logos]

</div></div>
| width="33%" style="vertical-align:top;" |
<div style="margin:10px;border:1px solid #90B390;">
<div style="padding:0px 10px;">

<h2 style="background-color:#3ba39b; font-weight:bold; color:white; padding:0.3em 1em; margin:1em 0; font-size:inherit; text-align:center"> ADVANCED SEARCH, INTEROPERABILITY AND SERVICES</h2>
</div><div style="padding:10px;">
* [https://www.pangaea.de/about/services.php Interoperability and Services] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]] [[Image:PANGAEA main page FAIR I_.jpg|right|70px]]
* [https://www.pangaea.de/tools/ Tools] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]
* [http://ws.pangaea.de/ Web services] [[File:PANGAEA_main_www2.png|middle|frameless|upright=0.1|link=|alt=]]

* [[Export]]
* [[Data warehouse]]
* [[RSS]]
* [[Technology]]
* [[OAI-PMH]]
* [[GIS|GIS visualization]]
* [[PANGAEA_Bathymetry_Web_Map_Services|PANGAEA Bathymetry Web Map Services]]
</div></div>


|}

Data submission

2024-11-28T10:08:06Z

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#REDIRECT [[Authors Guides]]

Authors Guides

2024-11-28T10:06:08Z

Sschumacher: Created page with "These guides provide essential information for data submitters and authors on how to prepare and submit their data for publication with PANGAEA. We recommend that you read the following information carefully before submitting data to us. These instructions includes the scope of PANGAEA, editorial criteria and processes, and preparation guides for metadata and data. =I. Mission and Scope= The information system PANGAEA is operated as an Open Access library aimed at arc..."

These guides provide essential information for data submitters and authors on how to prepare and submit their data for publication with PANGAEA. We recommend that you read the following information carefully before submitting data to us. These instructions includes the scope of PANGAEA, editorial criteria and processes, and preparation guides for metadata and data.

=I. Mission and Scope=

The information system PANGAEA is operated as an Open Access library aimed at archiving, publishing and distributing georeferenced data from earth and environmental science, complienat to our [https://www.pangaea.de/about/terms.php Terms of Use]. PANGAEA guarantees long-term availability of its content for at least 10 years (~75% is actually older than that). PANGAEA is open to any project, institution, or individual scientist to archive and publish research data.

PANGAEA focuses on georeferenced observational and experimental research data. Citability, comprehensive metadata descriptions, interoperability of data and metadata, a high degree of structural and semantic harmonization of the data inventory as well as the long-term commitment of the hosting institutions (AWI & MARUM) ensures the FAIRness ([https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18 Wilkinson et al., 2016]) of archived data both for use by humans and machines (i.e. tools and scripts, federated infrastructures, data portals and aggregators etc.).

Most of the data published on PANGAEA are freely available and can be used under the terms of the license mentioned on the dataset description. A few password-protected datasets are under moratorium due to ongoing projects. The metadata for all published datasets is always open-access under the [https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/cclicenses/ CC0 license] and includes the Principal Investigator (PI) who can be contacted for individual access.

Each dataset can be identified, shared, published and cited by the [[Citation|data citation]], which includes a Digital Object Identifier ([https://www.doi.org/index.html DOI]). PANGAEA also allows data to be published as supplements to science articles (example) or as citable data collections in combination with data journals such as Nature Scientific Data, Geoscience Data Journal, Earth System Science Data and others.

The PANGAEA data editorial ensures the integrity and authenticity as well as a high usability of your data. Archived data are machine readable and mirrored into our [[Data_warehouse|Data Warehouse]] which allows efficient compilations of data.

If you find PANGAEA useful for your work, please help us in maintaining our service by citing:

'''Felden, Janine; Möller, Lars; Schindler, Uwe; Huber, Robert; Schumacher, Stefanie; Koppe, Roland; Diepenbroek, Michael; Glöckner, Frank Oliver (2023)''': PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. Sci Data 10, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x

=II. Editorial Criteria and Processes=

==General Information==
PANGAEA is committed to publishing high quality datasets in maximum compliance with the FAIR Data Principles. During the publication process, data and metadata are checked for completeness and plausibility, and are structurally harmonized. This harmonization and standardization promotes a high degree of reusability and interoperability of the data stock and, among other things, supports the optimal readability and further processability of the data by machines and algorithms ([https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02269-x Felden et al., 2023]). Following standardized procedures, the PANGAEA Editorial Team systematically reviews incoming data submissions and decides whether the submissions are sufficiently mature and of the appropriate quality to be published with PANGAEA. Data submissions that do not meet the scope and/or our quality requirements will be rejected.

Before submitting data to us, please check if there is a community-specific certified FAIR-data-repository for your data type. Community-specific data repositories may be able to better describe, represent and publish your type of data, or bring your data into a discipline-specific context. The repository search platform [https://www.re3data.org re3data] may be very helpful in this regard.

===Data types and file formats accepted by PANGAEA===
PANGAEA publishes primary/validated data from many fields of Earth and Environmental Science as well as Biodiversity research. This includes georeferenced observational (example: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.967645) and experimental data (example: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966520). PANGAEA is specialized in field observation and experimental data in two-dimensional tabular format with parameters/variables measured provided in columns.

Preferred formats for data are TAB-delimited text files in UTF-8 encoding, or (open) spreadsheet file formats (MS Excel .xlsx, OpenOffice & LibreOffice Calc .ods etc. - please see [[Format|the corresponding wiki article]] for more information). Example: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937808. Tables are not accepted as proprietary or encapsulated file types (e.g., Matlab files .mat or PDF files).

Binary objects such as NetCDF files, seismic data files (e.g. segy), photos/images and videos are also accepted as long as they are fully described with metadata. In order to follow the FAIR data principles and guarantee reusability for PANGAEA data publications, all such binary files must be usable with open source software. Example: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.936185

As an addition to numerical (or binary) data, supporting documentation on datasets can be archived and published (e.g. processing reports, instrument calibration protocols, standard operating procedures). These can be submitted as PDF/A, plain text or open document formats like RTF, ODF or MS Office documents (.docx, .xlsx). Links to such documentation already published elsewhere are also possible. In this case, please provide a complete reference.

=== Data types and formats PANGAEA does not accept (i.a. no longer) ===

'''Raw Data''': Raw data without metadata ([[Processing levels|Processing level]] 0) are not accepted in PANGAEA. Raw data with their metadata (Processing level 1) may be accepted under certain circumstances and should be accompanied with their primary/validated data.

'''Sequence data''': PANGAEA does not archive molecular sequence data, but will accept related (meta)data and create cross-links to, e.g., the [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/about European Nucleotide Archive] (ENA). For more information, please read: [[Molecular data in PANGAEA]]. If your molecular data are accompanied by environmental parameters, we recommend that you submit your data to [https://www.gfbio.org/ GFBio's] free and [https://submissions.gfbio.org/ multidisciplinary publication service].

'''Model data''': Many, but not all, types of model and simulation data will not be longer accepted for publication. Please read more about our constrains, definitions and explanations in our corresponding Wiki article. Data outputs from models that rely entirely on algorithms and (process) generalizations, and have no concrete (and clearly specifiable) spatial reference to field observations, will not be accepted by PANGAEA. For climate modeling/simulation data, the World Data Center for Climate (WDCC), run by the German Climate Computing Center ([https://www.dkrz.de/en/services/data-publication DKRZ]), provides an established long-term archival and publication service.

'''Software/Code''': PANGAEA is not a suitable platform to publish software. In general, we recommend storing and managing software products or any kind of scripts and code on specialized platforms such as [https://github.com/ GitHub] in combination with versioned publishing in e.g. [https://zenodo.org Zenodo]. Zenodo provides persitant identifiers which can be cross-linked to your dataset published in PANGAEA. This is the preferred method to combine PANGAEA datasets and relevant versions of code.

'''Other formats''': Data presented exclusively as plots/figures, standalone PDF or MS Word documents will not be published. Tables in device-specific (e.g. CTD sensor output) or proprietary formats such as Matlab .mat files and [https://cran.r-project.org/ R-files] or other program-specific formats will not be accepted for publication. The same applies to topic/community-specific formats, which cannot be reused with open source software. These file types require transformation into accepted file formats (see our wiki article [[Format|Data types and formats]]).

===Usual turn-over times, timelines and publishing options===

Depending on the extent and complexity of your data submission the editorial process and minting of DOI names for submissions, not affiliated with our hosting institutions MARUM or AWI, to project and institutional partners (our front offices) may take up to several months. Temporary access keys for journal reviewers can be provided once our (initial formal and subsequent in-depth) review stages have been completed and the data have been successfully ingested into the PANGAEA system. Usually this takes 6-8 weeks after the initial acceptance of the submission for publication. A data citation including the DOI is created at the very end of the curation workflow. Therefore, we strongly recommend submitting data as early as possible so that the respective citation and DOI can be generated in time to be included in your scholarly publications. To gain higher processing priority, PANGAEA is open to project- and institutional cooperations including human ressources.

Regarding (optional) associated moratoria and updates to data during the paper publication process, we offer several options for data publications:
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dataset option for moratorium and open access
|-
! No !! Dataset options !! Status !! DOI
|-
| 1 || In review & access restricted || Dataset is open for corrections, citation is preliminary, metadata are available to the public, data not available to the public (e.g. during article review) || DOI not registered, changes/updates in metadata and data possible
|-
| 2 || In review & no access restriction || Dataset is open for corrections, citation is preliminary, metadata and data already available to the public (e.g. public review) || DOI not registered, changes/updates in metadata and data possible
|-
| 3 || Published & access restricted || Dataset is final and fully citable, metadata are available to the public, data not yet available to the public (moratorium) || DOI registered, no more changes except for information regarding your paper publication
|-
| 4 || Published & no access restriction || Dataset is final and fully citable, metadata and data are open access under the CC0 and CC-BY license, respectively || DOI registered, no more changes except for information regarding your paper publication
|}

==The editorial process==

[[File:Workflow.png|600px|thumb|right|Workflow overview of a data publication]]

The '''workflow''' for a [[data publication]] from source to publication is similar to the process established in the scientific literature (submission > review > editing > publication). The editorial process follows a two-step review procedure and is coordinated by the Editor-in-Chief and our Data [[Editor]]s. The workflow and communication of each data submission is documented and tracked through our ticket system.

The workflow is an interaction between the (corresponding) author and the editorial team and consists of 8 steps:
# '''Data submission''' - Authors submit their dataset and a contextual description of their dataset ([[metadata]]) using the [https://www.pangaea.de/submit/ submission online form]. They follow the guidelines provided in this document and, if necessary, project or institution specific data policies.
# '''Initial review''' - Editorial staff will review the submission to determine acceptance for further evaluation. Consultation with our expert editors may be part of this decision. The main focus of this review stage is to assess the scope and significance of the data submitted for publication with PANGAEA, to evaluate the data submission for completeness of metadata, and to assess the validity and format of the data provided. If the necessary requirements are not met, a reminder will be sent to the author.
# '''Acceptance/Rejection''' - Once the submission is considered complete and the dataset is accepted for publication in PANGAEA, the author will be notified via the ticket system and associated emails. If the submission does not meet the requirements of PANGAEA, it will be rejected. In this case, the author will be informed.
# '''Editorial Review''' - Once the submission is due for processing, it is assigned to an expert data editor. The editor thoroughly reviews the metadata and data for validity and plausibility. The editor will contact the author, if there are open questions about the submission. Please note: If the data and metadata do not meet PANGAEA's quality standards or the submitting author does not respond to the editors’ requests, the submission may be rejected.
# '''Processing/Data import''' - Data and metadata are prepared for import into the relational database, or for file archiving on our servers. During this process, the metadata and data are structurally harmonized and aligned with standardized terminologies. Submitted data can be reformatted by the editor to comply with the PANGAEA [[data model]]. This step may involve transposing, merging or splitting tables, adding metadata columns (such as official [[event]] labels and [[Geocode|geocodes]]), etc.. After import, the editor performs a final check of the dataset.
# '''Dataset proof''' - The editor sends a temporary link of the dataset landing page to the author(s) and asks for a proofread. The [[DOI]] is assigned, but not yet registered ("activated"). The dataset [[status]] is set to "in review" and data remains password protected at this stage (option #1 in the table above). Associated metadata is always open access (CC0 license).
# '''Corrections''' - Through an iterative process between author and editor, the dataset is edited until the final '''approval by the author'''.
# '''Publication''' - The dataset [[Status|status]] is set to "published"; the DOI will be activated four weeks after the final edits and will then be part of the official dataset [[Citation|citation]]. At the author's request, [[Password|password protection]] may be maintained (or set up) for a period of up a maximum of two years (option #3). Otherwise metadata and data are open access under the respective license (option #4). In case the dataset is under moratorium a temporary access link with an expiration date can be provided at the request of the author, e.g. to share the data with individuals or groups, such as co-authors or anonymous reviewers.

== Costs ==
Basic operations are covered by institutional and public funding, but in order to ensure high quality processing and archiving of new data, PANGAEA requires additional funding. In the case that the data are submitted as part of a project with funding available for publication costs (e.g. as part of the costs for [https://www.dfg.de/formulare/52_01/52_01_en.pdf Open Access publications at the DFG]), PANGAEA would appreciate a financial contribution of 500.– € (net) per data submission. Other forms of funded collaborations are highly appreciated (e.g. as project partner). Please [https://www.pangaea.de/contact/ contact us] for further information.

= III. Guidelines for data submission and formatting =
This chapter describes how to prepare your metadata and data for submission to PANGAEA. We recommend that you read these guides before submitting your data, and that you familiarize yourself with the PANGAEA publication style by reading about the scope of PANGAEA and by searching for and viewing datasets typical for your research field.

Please note that by registering to PANGAEA and by submitting data to PANGAEA you have agreed to our [https://www.pangaea.de/about/terms.php Terms of Use].

PANGAEA is an international data publisher, therefore we accept data submissions (including all data and metadata as well as any supplementary information) only in English. All resulting publications and our communication with data authors will also be in English.

PANGAEA datasets are intended to be self-contained and self-explanatory, i.e. a potential user of the data should be able to judge the quality and suitability for re-use (fit-for-use/fit-for-purpose). Therefore, complete metadata describing the dataset comprehensively and according to the FAIR principles must be available.

For more guidance on how to properly prepare metadata and data please see the guidelines below and our [https://www.youtube.com/@pangaeadatapublisher video tutorials]. We also offer community community workshops twice a year to support our users. The winter workshop focuses on data submission issues. The workshop usually held in early summer focuses on data search and (i.a. automated) access for re-use of PANGAEA publications. If you are interested, please subscribe to our training mailing list [https://lists.pangaea.de/listinfo/training here.]

==Prepare your data and metadata for submission - a step by step guide through our submission form==
All data must be submitted using our [https://www.pangaea.de/submit/ online submission form]. Data submitted by any other means will not be processed or passed on. If you have any questions or comments about your data submission, please use either the comment field in the online submission form (step 5) or our [https://www.pangaea.de/contact/ contact form.] You can also leave a comment in the submission ticket that is automatically created when you complete the form.

===A commented guide through the submission form===
====Step 1 - Basic information====
[[File:Submission 1 Basic.png|thumb|center|]]
* Title: Provide a dataset title that briefly describes what was measured, observed, or calculated, when, where, and how. The title must be independent of the title of the manuscript/paper.
* Authors: Lists all authors of the dataset. Use full names, not initials. Authors' names are case-sensitive, do not use all capital letters for last names (example: Roe, Jane). Please provide the correct e-mail address for each author, no duplicates. If there is really no email address no-reply@pangaea.de can be entered. Fill in the affiliation field (use full names, no abbreviations, ideally according to the [https://ror.org/ Research Organization Registry] (ROR)).
* Keywords: Provide suitable keywords
* Abstract: Add a dataset abstract that is independent of the manuscript/paper abstract. The abstract should provide a concise and method-oriented description of the observation or measurement, i.e. what, when, where, why and how the data was collected. The summary should consist of meaningful running text. The format of the dataset abstract is the same as for paper abstracts. We expect more than two sentences, and ideally the length should be limited to 5000 characters. Avoid including interpretations of the data. For further information please refer to the documentation on data [[Abstract|abstracts]] for PANGAEA.
* License: Select the appropriate license for your dataset. We recommend the [https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/cclicenses/ CC-BY 4.0] license option. Please read our [[License|wiki article]] to understand why.

====Step 2 - References====
[[File:Submission_2_References.png|thumb|center|]]
* References: Include all relevant references as full citations, not limited to a DOI including the manuscript(s) to which the data belong(s). Include any additional references mentioned in the data, methods or abstract. Include SOPs, processing or calibration reports, [https://registry.o2a-data.de/ AWI Registry] handles/links, or any other complementary documentation, if available.

====Step 3 - Projects and Grants====
[[File:Submission 3 Project.png|thumb|center|]]
* Projects: Provide names and references to related projects, grants and awards.

====Step 4 - Upload====
[[File:Submission 4 Upload.png|thumb|center|]]
* Upload: Upload your data files here. Please see below how to prepare your data files.
** More than 20 Files? → Please check the "Request upload link" box. You will receive an upload link within one to three days. Submissions containing more than 20 files may be rejected without further notice. Please replace spaces in file names before uploading.
** Files larger than 100 MB? → Please check the "Request upload link" box. Individual files must be less than 15 GB in size, but multiple files can be uploaded at the same time using the Uploader. Please replace any spaces in file names before uploading them.
* File description: This is where you describe your files. If your submission consists of more than one data table or dataset, please provide a title, authors, and abstract for each.

====Step 5 - Submit====
[[File:Submission 5 Submit.png|thumb|center]]
* Comment: Field for any request/comment for the PANGAEA editors
* Moratorium: Check, if you need a moratorium. If yes, please select the end date. The default is 6 months, if no end date is selected, the maximum is 2 years.
* Terms of Use: please read and accept our [https://www.pangaea.de/about/terms.php ToU.]

===Changes to submissions via our online form===
If you need to change or add metadata after submitting, please use the (blue) "Edit Metadata" button in the submission ticket only. The link will be sent to you automatically after you complete the form. Please note that for technical reasons direct edits in the description field of our ticket system are invalid and cannot be accepted. This is especially true for abstracts. Abstracts submitted as data files will not be considered.

== Requirements for the data files and their metadata ==
PANGAEA publishes data from earth and environmental science research in various [[Format|formats]]. Tabular data are the main focus of PANGAEA and should be prepared as TAB-delimited text-files in UTF-8 encoding, or (open) spreadsheet file formats (MS Excel .xlsx, OpenOffice & LibreOffice Calc .ods etc.). Please take a look at our [[Best practice manuals and templates|best practice manuals and templates]], which outline our requirements for relevant metadata and the structure of submitted data tables.

===Metadata about the data===
Data tables and data files are provided with metadata about the sampling/measuring stations or equipment, and the parameters/variables measured. The following list of meta-information is required for each data submission to PANGAEA.

* '''[[Campaign]]''': Were the samples or measurements relevant to your data collected during campaigns, expeditions, field trips or cruises? We subsume these under the label "Campaign", which is best described by the meta information listed below. We recommend using our template “Campaign” or the sheet "Campaign" in the excel file in our [[Best practice manuals and templates|templates]] to provide the following required information, if applicable:
** Campaign_Label, e.g. the respective cruise number
** Basis, e.g. the name of the ship, station, aircraft etc. Please leave this field blank, if no basis can be provided.
** Start date(/time) in ISO format and UTC, i.e.. YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss, UTC
** End date(/time) in ISO-format and UTC, i.e. YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss, UTC
** Responsible scientist(s)
** For ship expeditions start and end port
** For expeditions with German research vessels, please refer to the [https://www.pangaea.de/expeditions/ cruise inventory] and report information according to this list.

* '''[[Event]]''': An event refers to the sampling or measurement site or position for field observations, or the sampling location of organisms or media such as water used for experiments. Please refer to the [[event]] documentation for more details. Please use the text file “Event” or the sheet "Event" in the Excel workbook from our [[Best practice manuals and templates|templates]] whenever possible. Information that should be provided includes:
** Event_Label - refers to a representative short name or label for the station or locality of a sampling event. For data from expeditions with German research vessels please use the official event labels and station lists provided in the [https://www.pangaea.de/expeditions/ cruise inventory].
** Latitude and Longitude - considered mandatory event metadata both must be specified in decimal degrees and conform to WGS84 (positive for north, negative for south). For profiles, please provide start and end positions.
** [[Geocode|Elevation]] - the “[[Geocode|3<sup>rd</sup> geocode]]”. Please specify start and end elevations for profiles.
** Date/Time of sampling/measurement provided in ISO format (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) and in UTC. An additional column with local date/time may be provided. For profiles and time series, please provide start and end date/time.
** [[Method|Device or method]] used for sampling or the measurement
** Campaign, see above
** Any other event related information, e.g. mesh size of nets, core length of sediment and ice cores, International Generic Sample Number ([https://www.igsn.org/ IGSN]).

* '''[[Parameter|Parameters]]''': In PANGAEA, the measurement variables are referred to as parameters. Entries for parameters always require the full parameter name and its unit, if available. You can see the complete list of available parameters [https://www.pangaea.de/lists/parameter/all-byname here]. Please note that parameters may also include the medium (e.g. “Temperature, air” or “Temperature, water”) or other details for disambiguation purposes. Please provide additional information on parameters, e.g. the Principal Investigator and methods as a comment within the data submission, in an additional metadata text document or in the sheet “Parameters” of our Excel [[Best practice manuals and templates|template files]]. Information to be provided:
** Parameter names of the measured or determined entities given in full, not abbreviated.
** Unit (SI units are preferred)
** Include the [[Principle investigator|Principle Investigator]] (PI) for the measured parameters. The PI is the person being responsible for the acquisition and the scientific quality of the data or a data series.
** If applicable, identify the primary instrument used to measure each specific variable/parameter, preferably in the following standardized format: "Instrument type, Manufacturer, Model name". If you did not use an instrument, please provide the methodology used instead, preferably in the following (also standardized) format: "Method type according to Reference et al. (YYYY)". Further details on how to provide instrument or method information can be found in the [[Method|respective documentation]].

===How to prepare tabular Data:===
This section summarizes the formal and structural requirements for data in tabular form. Adherence to these requirements will significantly reduce the most time-consuming aspect of our editorial work and, thus, support our efforts to reduce the overall processing time for submissions to PANGAEA significantly. Significant deviations from these requirements are therefore likely to result in rejection of the submission.

'''Structure of tabular data:'''
[[File:Data tables.png|800px|thumb|right|]]
* Submit your tables as TAB-delimited text files (UTF-8 encoding), or as (open) spreadsheet files (e.g. Libreoffice Calc .ods or MS Excel .xlsx).
* The first column should always contain the event label, followed by columns with the [[Geocode|3<sup>rd</sup> geocode]] (e.g. height/depth) and/or sample IDs and sample information. These are followed by columns containing the measured variables (parameters). Each value in a row should refer to the event and the 3<sup>rd</sup> geocode specified in columns 1 and 2.
* The first row is reserved for the column headers, which contain the full parameter names including units in square brackets.
* Multiple tables with different structures should always be provided as separate data files.
* Please use our [[Best practice manuals and templates|template files]] whenever possible to report your data in the correct way.

===How to prepare binary files:===
* One data file: please provide a brief description of what is contained in the file (e.g. in the ‘File description’ field in Step 4 - “Upload” of our submission form).
* More than one data file: please include a summary table, provided as TAB-delimited text file (UTF-8 encoding) or spreadsheet including file names, a brief description of each file (< 255 characters including spaces) and corresponding [[Geocode|Geocodes]].
* Use filenames without spaces
* Request an upload link if you are submitting more than 20 files or files larger than 100 Mb (see Step 4 - “Upload” of our submission form).

==Additional information and useful links==

Frequently asked questions about data submission are listed here [FAQ]

Do you have questions about the status of your submission or the status of your submission? Please contact us via your submission ticket or via our [https://www.pangaea.de/contact/ contact form].